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Ethnobotanical Leaflets 14:
319-26. 2010. Preliminary
Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in Treatment of Animal Trypanosomosis
in Kaduna State, Nigeria * Maikai, V. A., Abubakar, U., Salman, A.A., and
Inuwa, T. N. College
of Agriculture and Animal Science, Division of Agricultural Colleges, *E
mail: ambrosev2003@yahoo.com Issued March 1, 2010 Abstract A preliminary survey of medicinal
plants used in the treatment of animal trypanosomiasis
in Key
words: Trypanosomiasis, Khaya senegalensis, Terminalia avicenioides, Ximenia americana. Introduction The African trypanosome is a group of
diseases caused by a protozoan of the genus Trypanosoma. It is an acute,
sub acute and chronic disease affecting both animals and humans of tropical
and subtropical countries only. The disease is characterized by intermittent
fever, anemia, odema (Anosa,
1988), and known as jola or sammore
in fulfulde (Fulani). In Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis by trypanocides however, form the most important aspect of
control and eradication of trypanosomes. Unfortunately the use of these trypanocides is beset by numerous limitations, including
toxicity of the drugs, development of resistance by the parasites and
exhibition of antigenic variation which hampers vaccine production
(Kuzoe,1993; Doua and Yapo,
1993).These factors emphasizes the need for research into a more
comprehensive, formidable and cheaper sources of trypanocide.
About 60-80% of third world countries rely wholly or partially on traditional
/ herbal medicines (Sofowora, 1993) which are
mainly plants. Plants have been traditionally used for centuries and are
still widely used to treat illness and other parasitic diseases. Several well
known drugs such as quinine and artemisinin are
used as antiprotozoal agents have their origins in
nature (Tagboto and Townson,
2001). Plants have provided the basis for
traditional treatment for different types of diseases and still offer an
enormous potential source of new chemotherapeutic agents. Plants present a
spectrum of biological compounds with activities against virus, cancer and
parasites. These plants contain compounds mainly secondary metabolites such
as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes and coumarins (Rates,
2001). They have been reported to provide better and cheaper alternatives (Nwude and Ibrahim, 1980; Secoy
and Smith, 1983; Phillipson and Wright, 1991; Freiburghans et.
al., 1996; ITDG and IIRR 1996, Nok et.
al., 1996, Adewummi et. al., 2001, Nok, 2005). The present investigation therefore
was undertaken to survey the most used plants in treating animal trypanosomosis in Materials
and Methods Study
area Survey The survey was carried out in six
areas namely, Birnin Gwari,
Kachia, Kafanchan, Makarfi, Saminaka and Soba – Statistical
analysis A simple descriptive
statistical method of analysis was used for analyzing the data. Results
and Discussion The result of the preliminary survey
on plants used in treating animal trypanosomosis is
summarized in Table 1. The result showed that Khaya senegalensis (23.3%) had the highest
usage followed by Terminalia avicennioides
(16.3%), Ximenia The leaves bark and roots were mainly
the parts of the plant used. The parts of the plants were prepared by soaking
or boiling in water and drenched, or pounded and mixed with the feed of the
sick animal, or the parts of the plant was smoked in a room and the animal
allowed to inhale the smoke. Others include making a paste of the plant part
and rubbing the animal with the paste or putting the paste in a cloth and
tying the cloth to the leg of the sick animal. Some modes of preparation
include addition of red potash or salt to the part of plant before soaking in
water. The dosage of the part of the plant varies from 2 to 3 times a week
until the animal recovers, which they noted by resumption in eating and
passing out of bloody gelatinous stools. Since this work is a preliminary
survey, there is a need to further validate the claims of the respondents to
determine the efficacy and safety of the plants. In conclusion, the preliminary survey
of the plants showed that Khaya senegalensis and Terminalia avicenniodes were widely used in
treatment of trypanosomosis in animals in Acknowledgment The authors wish to thank the Miyeti Allah Association, village heads and extension
workers of the various areas for the cooperation and assistance provided. References Adewummi, C.O., Agbedahunsi,
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