Ethnobotanical Leaflets 14: 807-25. 2010.
Ethnomedicinal Survey for Important Plants of Jalalpur
Jattan, District Gujrat, Punjab,
Pakistan
Khalid Hussain*, M. Farrukh Nisar, Abdul Majeed, Khalid Nawaz and Khizar Hayat Bhatti
Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Pakistan
Issued: July 01,
2010
Abstract
An ethnomedicinal
survey was carried out in Jalalpur Jattan District Gujrat, Punjab-Pakistan
for documentation of important flora and information from local community
about their medicinal uses. The indigenous knowledge of local traditional uses
was collected through questionnaire and personal interviews during field
trips. Plants with their correct nomenclature were arranged by family name,
vernacular name, part use, ethnomedicinal remedies and
ethnomedicinal uses. The identification and
nomenclature of the listed plants were based on The Flora of Pakistan. A
total of 88 plants species were identified by taxonomic description and
locally by ethnomedicinal knowledge of people
existing in the region. Plant specimens collected, identified, preserved and
mounted were deposited in the department of botany, University of Gujrat, Pakistan for future references.
Key words: Ethnomedicinal Survey; indigenous
knowledge; Jalalpur Jattan;
District Gujrat.
Introduction
Pakistan is a
fairly large country endowed with a variety of climates, ecological zones and
topographical regions (Hussain et al., 2008). The flora is, likewise, extremely varied and
diverse and highly fascinating. Nearly six thousand species of flowering
plants are reported from Pakistan
and Kashmir (Shinwari,
1996). The history of discovery and use of different medicinal plants is as
old as the history of discovery and use of plants for food (Ibrar, 2002). Medicinal plants play a key role in
traditional health care system for human and animals. Most of allopathic
drugs also comprise extracts taken from medicinal plants (Rashid and Arshad, 2002).
Gujrat is
an ancient district of Pakistan located between two famous rivers, the Jhelum River
and the Chenab River. Because of its proximity with
the rivers, the land is good for cultivation with rice and sugar cane as main
crops. It is bounded on the northeast by Jammu and
Kashmir, on the northwest by the Jhelum
River which separates it from Jhelum
District, on the east and southeast by the Chenab
River, separating it from the
districts of Gujranwala and Sialkot; and on the west by Mandi Bahauddin District.
District Gujrat is spread over an area of 3,192
square kilometres and comprises the three tehsils of Gujrat, Kharian and Sarai Alamgir. The District Gujrat
lies between 32° to 35° North latitudes and 73° 45'
East longitudes. This district has moderate climate. During peak
summer, the daytime temperature shoots up to 45°C, but the hot spells are
relatively short due to the proximity of the Azad Kashmir
Mountains. During the
winter months the minimum temperature may fall below 2°C. The average rainfall
on the Kashmir border is over 100 cm;
at Kharian it is 75 cm, at Gujrat
67 cm, at Dinga 50 cm and at Sarsal 48 cm.
About 80% population of the
world depends on the traditional system of health care (Ahmad, 2005). These
medicines have less side effects and man can get the herbs easily from
nature. Unani system is dominant in Pakistan but
the ethno medicinal plants use is also seen in the remote areas. (Ahmad et al. 2003). The indigenous
traditional knowledge of herbal plants of communities where it has been
transmitted orally for many years is fast disappearing from the face of world
due to transformation of traditional culture (Hussain
et al., 2008). The people, who are
native to the area in which the plants occur, use around 90% of the medicinal
species (Baquar, 1989). This is indicative of the vast
repository of knowledge of plant medicine that is still available for global
use, provided of course that it does not get lost before it can be tapped or
documented. Traditional and indigenous medical knowledge of plants, both oral
and codified, are undoubtedly eroding (Mujtaba and
Khan, 2007).
Keeping in view the importance
of medicinal flora, this study was arranged to document and collect Ethnomedicinal tibb and ethnomedicinal knowledge about the wild plants of
District Gujrat-Pakistan.
Materials and Methods
Sample collection
and preservation
Four field trips were arranged
in order to collect information about the Ethnomedicinal
tibb and ethnomedicinal
uses of plants by the local people during 2009 in Jalalpur
Jattan District Gujrat,
Punjab-Pakistan. Standard methods were followed with regard for collection of
plant materials, drying, mounting, preparation and preservation of plant
specimens described by Nasir and Ali (2001).
Voucher specimens of medicinal plants in triplicates were collected, prepared
and identified. Plants with their correct nomenclature were arranged
alphabetically by family name, vernacular name, ethnomedicinal
tibb and ethnomedicinal
uses. The identification and nomenclature of the listed plants were based on
The Flora of Pakistan (Nasir and Ali, 1978).
Ethnomedicinal
knowledge
A questionnaire method was
adopted for documentation of ethnomedicinal
knowledge. The interviews were carried out from local community to document
local name and ethnomedicinal uses. About 200
informants have been interviewed on random basis. The indigenous medicinal
plants having traditional knowledge of utilization among the people have been
selected as reference specimens.
Results
During the present study, ethnomedicinal data on 88 plant species was collected.
Information regarding their botanical name, vernacular name, family, part
used and their ethnomedicinal uses are listed below
starting with family name and binomial.
1. Amaranthaceae: Achyranthes
aspera L.
Common Names: Puth Kanda, Chaff Plant
Parts used: Whole Plant
Ethnomedicinal uses: kidney
problems and cough.
2. Anacardiaceae: Mangifera
indica L.
Common Names: Aam, Mango
Parts used: Leaf and Seed
Ethnomedicinal uses: Ear ache,
Vomiting.
3. Apocynaceae: Nerium indicum Mill.
Common Names: Kanhera, Oleander
Parts used: Root
Ethnomedicinal uses: Root
is ground into powder and used for abortion.
4. Arecaceae: Phoenix dactylifera
L.
Common Names: Khajur, Date
Parts used: Fruit
Ethnomedicinal uses:
General body weakness.
5. Asclepiadaceae: Calotropis
procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton
Common Names: Ak, Sodom’s Apple
Parts used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal uses: In
the treatment of asthma.
6. Asphodelaceae: Aloe vera (L.)
Burm. f.
Common Names: Kwargandal, Aloe
Parts used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal uses: Rheumatism, body weakness and in the treatment of pimples
or acne.
7. Asteraceae: Artemisia
scoparia Waldst.
& Kit.
Common Names: Jhahoo, Wormwood
Parts used: Whole plant
Ethnomedicinal uses: Used
as a purgative and in the treatment of burns.
8. Asteraceae: Carthamus
oxycantha M. Bieb.
Common Names: Poli, Carthamus
Parts used: Seed
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Grind seed flour is used to treat ulcer problems.
9. Asteraceae: Eclipta
alba (L.) Hassk.
Common Names: Sofed Banghra
Parts used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal uses: leaf
paste applied to treat allergy, athlete’s foot and ringworm.
10. Cannabaceae: Cannabis sativa L.
Common Names: Bhang, Indian Hemp
Part
used: Whole Plant
Ethnomedicinal uses: Used
to reduce general body inflammation, intoxication, loss of appetite
11. Chenopodiaceae: Chenopodium
album L.
Common Names: Bathu, Goose Foot
Parts used: Whole Plant
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Jaundice
12. Convolvulaceae: Convolvulus arvensis
L.
Common Names: Vahri, Bind Weed
Parts used: Whole Plant
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Constipation, control dandruff,
13. Cuscutaceae: Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.
Common Names: Akash Bail, Dodder
Parts used: Stem
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Paralysis, Hair treatment.
14. Cucurbitaceae: Cucumis
melo var. agrestis
Naudin
Common Names: Chibbar, Wild Water Melon
Parts used: Fruit and seed
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Dried powdered plant used to treat skin infections, stomach problems.
15. Euphorbiaceae: Ricinus
communis L.
Common Names: Hernoli, Castor oil
Parts used: Seed
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Constipation, Stomach and bowels problems.
16. Mimosaceae: Acacia modesta Wall.
Common Names: Phulai
Parts used: Bark and Stem
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Gastric pains, protection of teeth,
17. Mimosaceae: Acacia nilotica (L.)
Delile.
Common Names: Kekar, Gum Arabic
Parts used: Pod
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Gonorrhea,
18. Mimosaceae: Cassia fistula L.
Common Names Amaltas, Golden Shower
Parts used: Seed
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Gastric problems,
19. Mimosaceae: Dalbergia
sissoo Roxb.ex DC.
Common Names: Tali, Rosewood
Parts used: Bark
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Nosebleed,
20. Malvaceae: Abutilon indicum (L.)
Sweet.
Common Names: Peeli Booti, Indian Mallow
Parts used: Leaf and seed
Ethnomedicinal uses: Piles,
laxative.
21. Malvaceae: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
L.
Common Names: Chembarathi, Shoe Flower
Parts used: Flower
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Burning sensation and inflammation.
22. Malvaceae: Malva parviflora L.
Common Names: Sonchal, Mallow
Parts used: Leaf and seed
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Common Cold, cough and constipation.
23. Malvaceae: Melia azedarach L.
Common Names: Dherak, Chinaberry
Parts used: Leaf and fruit
Ethnomedicinal uses: Skin
infection, skin diseases.
24. Menispermaceae: Tinosporia
cordifolia (Willd.) Miers
Common Name: Glow, Heart Leaved Moon Seed
Parts used: Seed
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Tuberculosis.
25. Moraceae: Ficus benghalensis L.
Common Names: Boher, Banyan
Parts used: Latex
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Gonorrhea,
26. Moraceae: Ficus religiosa L.
Common Names: Pipal, Sacred Fig
Parts used: Bark
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Gonorrhea.
27. Moraceae: Morus nigra L.
Common Names: Kala Toot, Mulberry
Parts used: Root, leaf and fruit
Ethnomedicinal uses: Bad
thorax, stomach worms,
28. Myrtaceae: Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Dehnh.
Common Names: Sofeda, Eucalyptus
Parts used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Common cold, nose infections, common cold.
29. Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava L.
Common Names: Amrood, Guava
Parts used: Fruit
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Improvement of appetite, and stomach problems.
30. Myrtaceae: Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels
Common Names: Jaman, Jambolan
Parts used: Seed
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Diabetes.
31. Amaranthaceae: Amaranthus graecizans
subsp.
silvestris
Common Name: Phulari
Parts used: Leaves
Ethnomedicinal uses: Inflamations,
Piles, Gonorrhea
32. Nyctaginaceae: Boerhavia
procumbens Banks
ex Roxb.
Common Name: Itsit
Parts used: Root
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Jaundice.
33. Poaceae: Arundo donax L.
Common Name: Nerra
Parts used: Leaf and stem
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Fever, to treat dysfunctional organs of cattle.
34. Poaceae: Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
Common Names: Khabal, Bahm
Grass
Parts used: Whole Plant
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Treatment of wounds.
35. Poaceae: Desmostachya
bipinnata (L.) Stapf.
Common Names: Dab, Tail Grass
Parts used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Decoction made from leaves is used to treat fever.
36. Poaceae: Saccharum spontaneum L.
Common Name: Sarrout
Parts used: Whole plant
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Improvement of appetite and in the treatment of abdominal pain.
37. Brassicaceae: Cleome viscosa
Common Name:
Parts used: Leaves, seeds root
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Wounds, earaches and ulcers. The
seeds are anthelmintic, carminative, stimulant and
vesicant.38. Portulacaceae: Portulaca
oleracea L.
Common Names: Kulfa, Purslane
Parts used: Whole plant
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Jaundice, typhoid, iron deficiency and skin allergy.
39. Punicaceae: Punica granatum L.
Common Names: Anar, Pomegranate
Parts used: Exocarp
of fruit
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Dysentery and menstrual irregularities.
40. Rhamnaceae: Ziziphus jujuba Mill.
Common Names: Baer, Jujube
Parts used: Leaf and fruit
Ethnomedicinal uses: Skin
infections where pus is present and iron deficiency.
41. Rosaceae: Rosa
indica L.
Common Names: Gulab, Rose
Parts used: Flower and seed
Ethnomedicinal uses: Eye
disorders and heart disease.
42. Rutaceae: Citrus limon (L.)
Burm. f.
Common Names: Nimboo, Lemon
Parts used: Fruit
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Toothpowder for teeth diseases and in infections.
43. Sapindaceae: Dodonaea
viscosa Jacq.
Common Name: Sanatha
Parts used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Stomach acidity and skin allergy
44. Solanaceae: Datura inoxia Mill.
Common Names: Datura,
Thorn Apple
Parts used: Seed
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Gonorrhea
45. Solanaceae: Solanum nigrum L.
Common Names: Kainch Mainch, Nightshade
Parts used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Abnormal and painful secretions from ears.
46. Solanaceae: Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
Common Name: Ak San, Winter Cherry
Parts used: Whole Plant
Ethnomedicinal uses: Asthma,
Rheumatic disorders, insomnia, fever, constipation and eye diseases,
painful swellings and ulcer.
47. Tamaricaceae: Tamarix
aphylla (L.) H. Karst.
Common Name: Rokh, Tamarisk
Parts used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal uses: Skin
worms and internal worms of nose and ear, Toothache.
48. Zygophyllaceae: Tribulus
terrestris L.
Common Name: Bhakra, Puncture Vine
Parts used: Seed
Ethnomedicinal uses: Back
pain, Gonorrhea, Urinogenital diseases.
49. Apocynaceae: Alstonia
scholaris (L.) R.Br.
Common Name: Chhatiwan, sat-patia (S).
Parts used: Bark, Leaves
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Fever, headache, asthma, to increase lactation, ulcer, astringent,
antipyretic, stomachic properties, diarrhoea and
dysentery.
50. Liliaceae: Asparagus racemosus Willd
Common Name: Satmuli
Parts used: Roots
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Tonic, aphrodisiac, diuretic, carminative, appetizer, antispasmodic, mental
disorders, dyspepsia, Diarrhea, dysentery and rheumatism.
51. Malvaceae: Bombax
ceiba L.
Common Name: Simbal
Parts used: Flowers, Roots, bark and seeds
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Dysentery, Stimulant, blood purification, constipation, snake bite and gonorrhoea.
52. Cyperaceae: Cyperus
rotundus L.
Common Name: Deela
Parts used: Rhizomes
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Fever, diarrhoea, dysentery and blood disorders.
Tuberous, indigestion, diarrhoea, dysentery,
cholera, stomachic and diuretic
53. Rutaceae: Murraya
exotica
Common Name: Marva
Parts used: Leaves & roots
Ethnomedicinal uses: Anthelmintic, blood disorders, skin diseases,
carminative, tonic, purgative,
Stomachic,
leprosy, diarrhoea and dysentery
54. Pinaceae: Pinus
roxburghii Sarg.
Common Name: Chir
Parts used: Bark, Resin
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Burns and scalds, boils, cough and gastric troubles.
55. Fabaceae: Tephrosia lupinifolia
DC
Common Name: Fish
Poison
Parts used: Roots, Leaf, Stem bark
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Stomach ache, diarrhoea, rheumatism, asthma and urinary disorders.
56. Malvaceae: Abutilon
indicum L.
Common Name: Peeli buti
Parts used: Leaves and flowers
Ethnomedicinal uses: As a
resolvant, analgesic, inflammations, diarrhea,
bleeding piles and toothache.
57. Moraceae: Ficus religiosa L.
Common Name: Pipal
Parts used: Bark, Fruit, Seed
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Asthma, urinary problems, constipation and vomiting
58. Myrtaceae: Eucalyptus
globules
Common Name: Sufaida
Parts used: Leaves, Seeds
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Cold, cough, throat lozenges, malaria and toothache.
59. Poaceae: Zea mays
Common Name: Makai
Parts used: Stigma of female flowers
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Urinary disorders, Bladder cleaning and kidney disorders.
60. Solanaceae: Withania coagulens L.
Common Name: Chota ak
Parts used: Fruit & Seed
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Digestive disorders, gastritis, diabetes and blood purification.
61. Lamiaceae:
Leucas aspera (Jacq.)Ait. f.
Common Name:
Jhumka booti
Parts used:
Leaves
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Gastritis
62. Convulvulaceae: Ipomea pentaphyllum
Common Name: Beli
Parts used: Leaves
and Seeds
Ethnomedicinal uses: Skin
diseases, Constipation, Vomitting
63. Asteraceae: Vernonia scinerescens
Common Name:
Simbla
Parts used:
Leaves, Rhizomes
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Gastritis, Urinary infections, Male sterility, navel- aches constipation
and internal ulcers
64. Asteraceae: Xanthium strumarium
Linn.
Common Name:
Chhota Dhatura, Cocklebur
Parts used:
Roots, fruit & Seeds
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Stomach diseases, demulcent, smallpox and dysentery.
62. Aizoaceae: Trianthema portulacastrum
L.
Common Name:
Itsit, Hog weed
Parts used:
whole plant
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Joint swellings, Asthma, Jaundice, abdominal diseased, Useful for fever.
63. Poaceae: Avena sativa Linn.
Common Name:
Jao, Oat
Parts used:
Seeds
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Tension and skin alergies.
64. Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia helioscopia
Linn.
Common Name:
Chattri dodak, Lun spurge
Parts used:
Whole plant
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Cathoratic, Antihelminthic,
Purgative.
65. Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia hirta
Linn.
Common Name:
Aam dodak, Doddak
Parts used:
Whole plant
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Expectroant, used in bronchitis, cough and asthma.
66. Oxalidaeae: Oxalis Corniculata
Linn.
Common Name:
Khuti booti, Yellow
oxalis
Parts used:
Leaves
Ethnomedicinal
uses: Diarrhoea & dysentry.
67. Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia hypericifolia
Common Name: Pui Booti.
Parts used: Whole plant
Ethnomedicinal
uses: Fresh milky juice
which is acrid irritant is applied externally to relieve warts.
68. Poaceae: Desmostachya bipinnata Stapf.
Common Name: Ghar Chichona
Parts used: Leaves
Ethnomedicinal
uses: As diuretic and in dysentry and menorrhagia.
69. Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia hirta
L.
Common Name: Dodhi, Spurse
Parts used: Leaves
and inflorescence
Ethnomedicinal uses: Treatment of eye complaints such as redness of eyes and
to remove foreign body from eyes and hair tonic.
70. Asteraceae: Conyza canadenisis Linn.
Common Name:
Horse weed
Parts used:
Whole plant
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Inflammations, asthma and diseases.
71. Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia
prostrata L
Common Name:
Hazar daani
Parts used:
All plant
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Skin diseases, itching and for ringworms.
72. Asteraceae: Launea procumbus
Common Name:
Bhatter
Parts used: Whole plant
Ethnomedicinal uses: Tooth diseases, diabetes,
constipation, intestinal disorders, painful urination, gonorrhea, relief in
cold, cough, flu and wound infection.
73. Convulvulaceae:
Convulus arvense
Common Name:
Leli/weli
Parts used:
Leaves & seeds
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Inflammations and stomach disorders.
74. Amaranthaceae:
Digera arvensis L.
Common Name:
Tandla
Parts used: Leaves
Ethnomedicinal uses:
It is used cure weak bones, Infections etc
75. Mimosaceae: Albizzia lebbeck
Common Name:
Siris
Parts used:
Bark
Ethnomedicinal uses: Inflammations, boils, cough, eye infections, flu,
gingivitis, lung
problems, pectoral problems,
tonic, abdominal tumors, hernia, secondary infertility.
76. Asteraceae:
Sonchus asper
Common
Name: Asgandh,
dodak
Parts used:
Whole plant
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Whole plant is ground and powder is applied on burns
77. Moraceae: Ficus benjamina
Common Name:
Weeping fig
Parts used:
Whole Plant
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Blood purifications
78. Rubiaceae: Gardenia
jasminoides
Common Name:
Chandna
Parts used:
Leaves and flower buds
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Used in Stomach ache.
79. Malvaceae: Hibiscus rosa
sinensis L.
Common Names: Gurhal,
Shoe Flower
Parts used: Flower
Ethnomedicinal uses: Apply paste to reduce burning
sensation
80. Apocynaceae:
Catharanthus roseus
Common Name: Sada Bahar
Parts
used: Leaves
Ethnomedicinal uses:
Diabetes mellitus
81. Poaceae: Paspalidium flavidum
Common Name:
Madhana Ghas
Parts used:
Leaves
Ethnomedicinal uses: Skin diseases, eyes, teeth, heart, skin itching,
headache liver diseases, dropsy, prevent abortion, miscarriage and uterine
pains after delivery.
82. Araceae:
Syngonium podophyllum
Common Name:
Nephthytis
Parts used:
Leaves
Ethnomedicinal uses:
It is effective against cancer and cure mouth and feet diseases.
83. Papilionaceae:
Meliolotus parviflora
Common Name: Sainji
Parts used: Whole Plant and seeds
Ethnomedicinal uses: It is useful in treatments of
swellings and bowel complaints.
84. Annonaceae:
Polyalthia longifolia
Common Name: Ulta
ashok
Parts used: Leaves, Root, stem
Ethnomedicinal uses: Fever, diabetes, hypertension, skin diseases & helminthiasis
85. Apocynaceae:
Plumaria obtusa
Common Name: Chelota
Parts used: Flower
Ethnomedicinal uses: Skin diseases, fever &
ague.
86: Amaranthaceae:
Althernanthera punjens
Common Name: Haglon/waglon
Parts used: Leaves,
Fruits
Ethnomedicinal uses: Itching.
87. Typhaceae:
Typha latifolia
Common Name: Typha
Parts used: Leaves and Pollens
Ethnomedicinal uses: Astringent, diuretic, sedative
and anticoagulant. It is used in the treatment of kidney stones and painful
menstruation.
88. Fabaceae: Rhyncosia minima
Common Name: Jungli
moath
Parts used: Whole plant
Ethnomedicinal uses: Used for bath after delivery
for body care.
Discussion
The need for a specific
definition of traditional knowledge is impelled by the push from the formal
sector to control, manage and market the knowledge
and to bring it under a regulatory framework (Shinwari
and Khan, 1999. Traditional knowledge provides useful leads for scientific
research, being the key to identifying those elements in a plant with a
pharmacological value that is ultimately destined for the international
markets. Indeed, such traditional knowledge is very valuable. Annual global
sales of products derived from the manipulation of genetic resources lie
between US$ 500 and US$800 billion annually (Kate and Laird, 1999). Due to
the lack of modern communications, as well as poverty, ignorance and
unavailability of modern health facilities, most people especially rural
people are still forced to practice traditional medicines for their common
day ailments (Azaizeh et al. 2003). Most of these
people form the poorest link in the trade of
medicinal plants (Khan, 2002). A vast knowledge of how to use the plants
against different illnesses may be expected to have accumulated in areas
where the use of plants is still of great importance (Diallo
et al. 1999).
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