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Ethnobotanical Leaflets 10: 149-173.
2006.
Ethnomedicinal
Plants used by the Tribals of Similipal Bioreserve, Orissa, India: A Pilot
Study
Kambaska Kumar Behera
Department
of Agriculture Biotechnology, Orissa Univesity of Agriculture and Technology
(OUAT), Bhubaneswar, Orissa,India,751003.
Email:
kambaska@yahoo.co.in
Issued 29 June 2006
ABSTRACT
Herbal medicine has been widely
practiced throughout the world since ancient times. These medicines are safe
and environmentally friendly. According to WHO about
80% of the world’s population relies on traditional medicine for their
primary health care. India, being one of the world’s 12 mega biodiversity
countries, enjoys export of herbal raw material worth U.S. $100-114 million
per year approximately. Currently the Government of India, realizing the value
of the country’s vast range of medicinal plants, has embarked on a mission of
documenting the traditional knowledge about medicinal plants and herbs. This
investigation, in a small way, takes up the enumeration of plants with
potential medicinal value, which are used by the tribal groups, residing in
and around Similipal Bioreserve of Mayurbhanj, Orissa, India. This report elucidates a rich and unique profile of
phyto-diversity of the area surveyed, with 89 species belongs to 52
families and 79 genera of medicinal plants.
Key words: Traditional knowledge, Herbal
medicines, Phytodiverisity.
INTRODUCTION
Throughout the world, plants have
been in continuous use in one way or the other for the treatment of various
ailments. In India, the sacred Vedas, which date back between 3500 B.C. and
800 B.C., give many references of medicinal plants. One of the remotest works
in traditional herbal medicine is “Virikshayurveda,” compiled even before the
beginning of Christian era and formed the basis of medicinal studies in
ancient India. The Rig Veda, dating between 3500
B.C. to 1800 B.C., seems to be the earliest record available on
medicinal plants. Herbs seem to be very important component of medicine in
other cultures too; Greek, African and Chinese medicines.,
etc. Nearly 80% of the world population depends upon traditional
system of health care. Allopathic drugs have brought a revolution throughout
the world but the plant base medicines have its own unique status.(
Behera,K.K,et al 2006 ) Surveys had revealed that 50% of the top prescription
drugs in the USA are based on natural products and the raw materials are
locked up in the tropical world –interiors of Africa, Asia and Latin America.
The local uses of plants as a cure are common particularly in those areas,
which have little or no access to modern health services, such as the
innumerable tribal villages and hamlets in India.
(Behera,K.K,2003) The indigenous traditional knowledge of medicinal plants of
various ethnic communities, where it has been transmitted orally for
centuries is fast disappearing from the face of the earth due to the advent
of modern technology and transformation of traditional culture. The
collection of information about natural flora, classification, management and
use of plants by the people holds importance among the ethnobotanists. The
local people and researchers face the challenging task of not only
documenting knowledge on plants, but also applying the results of their
studies to biodiversity conservation and community developments, with a deep
concern and reverence for the vast diversity of flora that our country
enjoys, and with sense of realization about the invaluable therapeutic
properties of this phytodiversity, the current research is undertaken. This work
concentrates on potential ethnomedicinal value of plants and herbs commonly
used by the tribals residing in and around Similipal bioreserve of the area
surveyed. The study area concentrates in and around the deep forest pockets
of tribal villages which comes under Similipal bioreserve located in
Mayurbhanj districts, Orissa India.
The area lies between 20°
17’ to 22°
34’ North latitude and 85°
40’ to 87°
10’ East longitude and at an
altitude of 40 meters to 1166 meters above sea level and the average temperatures range between minimum
2°C in winter to a maximum of 48°C in summer having average rain fall 22000
mms. Similipal bioreserve is a part of the biotic province of
Chhotanagpur Plateau. The Reserve derives its name from the magnificent Simul
(Silk Cotton Tree). ( Faulks, P. J.,1958 ). It has
been aptly described as Salmali Saila (the hill of Simul) in the poem ‘Usha’
written by the famous Oriya poet Laureate, Radhanath Ray. The hills, with
their numerous peaks and valleys, rise steeply from the plains of Udala in
the south and Baripada in the southeast and extend up to Jashipur in the
northwest, Bisnoi in the north and Thakurmunda to the west. Similipal is a
representative ecosystem under Mahanadian Biogeographic Region. Its floral
and faunal composition has some similarities with elements from the Western
Ghats and Northeast India.
METHODOLOGY
Following the method of Jain and
Goel (1995), the information regarding the usage of medicinal plants
available in the local area for treating various ailments and diseases, was
collected directly by contacting the elders, herbal doctors and the persons
who have knowledge about these medicinal plants in the Similipal bioreserve
which is situated in the Mayurbhanj district. Regular visits to the above
mentioned places were made from June 2003 to February 2005. (Ford, R. I.,
1978). The plant material was collected and carefully handled for
identification by authenticated source. Most of the plant materials were
preserved by making herbaria and all the voucher specimens were carefully
numbered and deposited. The medicinal value of each plant was enumerated in
the following pattern: a), b) Family, c) Vernacular Name, d) Parts used and
e) Ethnomedicinal uses.
The identification of plants was done using the
following references:
1. The Botany of Bihar and Orissa
by Haines,H.H.(1921-25 ).
2. Flora of Orissa, Vol.I-IV by Saxena, H.O. & M. Brahmam.
(1994-1996).
3. Some magico-religious beliefs
about plants among Adibasis of Orissa Adibasi 12: 8-44 by Jain S.K. (1991).
4. Gandha mardhan Parbat, Orissa - A
potential of important indigenous drugs.Bull. Reg.Res. Lab. Jamu 1: 11-16. By
Panigrahi,G.(1963).
MAP OF THE STUDY AREA
RESULTS
The data on medicinal plants, which was collected from
inhabitants in and around Similipal bioreserve in the Mayurbhanj district,
were pooled and analysed. The investigation revealed the medicinal plants of
89 species and 79 genera belonging to 52 families, which are commonly used
for various ailments by various tribes ( Sa-Santal,Ba-Bathudi,
G-Gonda,Lo-Lodha,Mu-Munda,K-Kondha,Ko-Kolha,Su-Saunti,O-Oriya,Bh-Bhumija,
etc.) of the area surveyed. The enumeration and utilization of these plants
are described below.
TABLE 1: ENUMERATION
AND UTILIZATION OF PLANTS.
1. Abrus precatorius L.
Family with
Collection Number – (FABACEAE)/225
Vernacular Name: Kaicho, Kaincho, Lalgunj,
Runjo (O, Ba, Bh, Su); Gujjbai, Arakeej, (Sa), Karjani (Ku); kouch, Ked,
Ara-kuch (Lo).
Parts Used: White
seeds
Ethnomedicinal Uses: White seeds kept in unboiled cow milk for
the period of over night and the seed is given to woman in the morning at the
end of menstruation cycle for preventing conception. Sarat (Sa); Raikalia (Ba); Gandidhar (Mu).
2. Acacia catechu (L.f.)Willd
Family with
Collection Number - (MIMOSACEA)/212
Vernacular Name: Khairo, Khairo (O, Ba, Bh, Su); Kehera (Ko)
Kanta (Sa)
Parts Used: Stem
bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses:
Stem bark paste is made with 7 long peppers (Piper longum) and then the paste is mixed with paste of 2-3
Tulasi poka (an insect found on Tulasi plant ) and
is taken thrice a day for three months for the treatment of night blindness
(Rat-kana). Sarabasa(Sa); Gohira (Ba); Nandurusahi
(Mu).
3. Ageratum conyzoides L.
Family with Collection Number - (ASTERACEAE)/202
Vernacular Name: Pokusunga, Bok sunga, Dengsingi,
(O, Ba, Bh. Su); Tankamani (Lo); Heren-ba (Mu,Sa)
Parts Used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Boiled
leaf paste is applied on skin before bed for the treatment of Khasar (a type
of skin disease) Kaptipada (Sa); Jamba bani, (Ba,Go).
4. Alangium salvifolium (L.f.)Wang.
Family with Collection Number - (ALANGIACEAE)/205
Vernacular Name: Dhala-ankol, Ankula (O, Ba, Su);
Ankolo-Huring, sitabororo (Lo); Dhelakanta (Sa).
Parts Used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Leaf juice (2ml) with common salt (1gm) is
applied drop by drop twice for five days on eyelids as a cure of eye diseases
like redness of eyes. Raikalia
(Sa, Go, Su); Phulgadia (Ba); Gandidhar, (Mu, Ko).
5. Amaranthus viridis L.
Family with Collection Number - (AMARANTHACEAE) /310
Vernacular Name: Kanta nautia (O, Ba, Su);
Notya-ara (Lo).
Parts Used: Root
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Root paste is applied on boils for suppuration.
Kotoria (Lo); Kaptipada
(Sa); Chhanua (Ba); Pingu (Su, Bh).
6. Annona squamosa L.
Family with Collection Number - (ANNONACEAE)/222
Vernacular Name: Maghua, Ata, (O, Ba, Bh); Boror - daru (Lo); Newa,
Mondal (Sa);
Nenwa, Mandal (Ko).
Parts Used: Dried root powder
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Dried root powder (5gm) is taken once in
morning for five days by women for abortion of 3 to 4 months of pregnancy. Taldiha (K); Debakunda (Ba, Bh);
Kundabai (Mu); Marsinga (Ko).
7. Annona reticulata L.
Family with Collection Number - (ANNONACEAE) /320
Vernacular Name: Rajamaghua, Ramphala, Barhial,
(O, Ba, Bh); Naga-newa, Ramphal (Lo); Mandargam, Gom (Sa).
Parts Used: Seed powder
Ethnomedicinal Uses: mixture of seed powder with black pepper (Piper nigrum ) (about 3gm) is prescribed for
spoiling of pregnancy up to 3-4 months duration. Badajhada (Ko, Ba, Go);
Hadarachua (Sa, Bh), Handiphuta.(Mu, K, Ko).
8. Anthocephalus chinensis
(Lam.) A.Rich.ex Walp.
Family with Collection Number - (RUBIACEAE) /312
Vernacular Name: Kadambo, Kadamba, (O, Ba, Su);
Kadam-ba (Lo, Mu); Kadam(Sa), Podam (Ko).
Parts Used: Stem bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Stem bark paste (3gm) with common salt
(1gm) is used as cure for eye inflammation and Juice of leaf (2ml) with
common salt (1gm) is taken in empty stomach as a cure for stomach pain. Noto (Lo); Sarat (Ba); Kalmagadia
(Mu); Padmapokhari (Ko).
9. Argemone
mexicana L.
Family with Collection Number - (PAPAVERACEAE)/213
Vernacular Name: Agara, Agora, Kantakusum, Deng
bejari, Sarpuni, Udasmari (O, Ba, Bh); Nya-dudid (Lo); Bakula Janum (Mu);
Sundi satkeu, (Sa).
Parts Used: Seed paste
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Seed paste (3gm) mixed with seed oil of Madhuca longifolia (1ml) is applied
fifteen days continuously on skin for the cure of eczema. Jambani (Ba, Bh,
Go); Raikalia (Ba, Ko, K).
10. Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.)
Benth.
Family with Collection Number - (FABACEAE)/214
Vernacular Name: Kulthia, Duma hirma, Bana -kulthia
(O, Ba); Birhorre (Mu & Sa); Ban -kultha (Lo).
Parts Used: Seed
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Pasty mass of seeds is taken with hot water
twice continuously for fifteen days as a cure for tape –worm.. Gandidhar
(Mu); Nuasahi (Ba); Podadiha (Sa).
11. Azadirachta
indica
A.Juss.
Family with Collection Number - (MELIACEAE)/316
Vernacular Name: Limba, Neem (O, B, Su, Bh);
Nimba-daru (Sa); Bokom-dare (Lo).
Parts used: Leaves
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Aqueous extract of leaves (15ml) is taken
once a day in empty stomach continuously one month for treatment of diabetes.
Sarabasa (Sa); Kantagadi
(Ba); Kaptipada (Mu); Bahubandh (Ko).
12. Bauhinia
variegata L.
Family with Collection Number - (CAESALPINIACEAE) /335
Vernacular Name: Kanchano, Kachu, Borara, (O, Ba,
Bh); Buj, Juruju, Burunga, Singya (Ko); Jantai (Mu); Koch-nar (Lo);
Buruju-dar (K).
Parts used: Root bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Root
bark decoction (15ml) is taken once a day continuously one month in empty
stomach for reducing bulkiness of the body. Handiphuta (Sa); Chhanua (Ba, G); Kaliasahi
(Ko).
13. Bambusa
stricta Roxb.
Family with Collection Number - (POACEAE) /355
Vernacular Name: Bada-bans, Salia banso (O, Ba, Bh,
Su,); Daki-abel, Bir-mad (Lo); Buru mad (Sa).
Parts used: Internodes white crystal
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Bansa-lochan a white crystal like thing
found sometime in internodes (about 10gm) is prescribed for gaining vitality
and as blood purifier. Kundabahi
( Lo, K); Sarabasa (Sa); Kaptipada (Ba, G).
14. Boerhavia diffusa L
Family with Collection Number -. (NYCTAGINACEAE )/340
Vernacular Name: Puruni saga (O, Ba); Punarnava
(Mu); Ohoic-araka (Sa).
Parts used: Whole plant
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction
of plant (15ml) is given once a day in the early morning for fifteen days for
the treatment of Leucorrhoea and dried plant powder is smoked as cigarette
once a day for the treatment of asthma. Uthanisahi (Sa, Ba, Ko); Kantagadi
(Ba); Badajhada (Mu, Go); Kaliasahi (Ko, K).
15. Borreria articularis (L.
f.) Wlliams.
Family with Collection Number - (RUBIACEAE)/365
Vernacular Name: Solaganthi, Sanaghar podia,
Jibkata(O, Ba, su); Pitu arak (Sa).
Parts Used: Whole plant and Root
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Whole plants are boiled and the vapours
are inhaled to get relief from toothache and root paste (15gm) is prescribed
to woman for the regulation of excessive menstrual flow. Noto (Lo, Go, Su); Kaptipada (Sa); Jamba-
bani, (Ba, Bh).
16. Borassus flabellifer L.
Family with Collection Number - (ARECACEAE)/260
Vernacular Name: Tala, Tal, Talo, (O, Ba, Su, Bh);
Tar (Sa); Rola-daru (Lo).
Parts Used: Male inflorescence.
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Ash (after burning of male infloresence)
with powder of black
peppers (Piper
longum) & cow milk in the ratio of 2: 1: 1, is prescribed to women as
contraceptive. Kotoria ( Lo); Sarat (Ba); Gandidhar
(Mu).
17. Bombax ceiba L.
Family with Collection Number - (BOMBACACEAE)/.231
Vernacular Name: Semulo, Simili, Simal (O, Ba, Bh);
Simal-dare, Daldara (Sa, Ko); Edel -daru (Lo)
Parts used: Fleshy roots
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Paste of fleshy roots of young plant (1
gm) mixed with unboiled cow milk (2ml) is taken once a day in the early
morning for a week by women to regulate irregular menstruation and flowers
paste is apply on boils before bed for ripening purpose. Noto
(Lo); Kotoria (Ba); Kaptipada (Sa).
18. Catharanthus
roseus L.G.Don.
Family with Collection Number - (APOCYNACEAE)/233
Vernacular Name: Sadabihari (O, Ba); Sweat chandi (Sa, Mu).
Parts used- Root
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Root
paste is applied twice a day continuously seven days for healing of septic
wounds and fresh leaf juice (few drops) mixed with a cup of water and is
taken in empty stomach for the treatment of blood dysentery. Handiphuta (Sa);
Gandidhar (Mu); Kantagadi (Ba).
19. Calotropis gigantean R.Brin Ait.f. Hort.
Family with Collection Number - (ASCLEPIADACEAE )/335
Vernacular Name: Arakha (O, Ba); Patladhudha (Mu,
Ko); Parkha (Sa.).
Parts Used: Root
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction
of root (3ml) with Paste of Piper longum (1gm) is given to women in empty
stomach continuously ten days for the treatment of Leucorrhoea. Podadiha
(Ba); Kotoria (Sa, Ko).
20. Capparis zeylanica L.
Family with Collection Number - (CAPPARACEAE)/237
Vernacular Name: Asadua, Oserwa, Hatinkula, Sabbi
(O, Ba); Maru-Janum (Lo); Bagnai (Sa).
Parts Used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Pasty mass of leaf (3gm) mixed with paste
of Piper nigrum (2gm) applied for
slight boiling before bed for the treatment of breast swelling. Jambani (Ko); Jadida (Ba);
Salachua (Sa); Goudagan (Mu).
21. Clerodendrum indicum ( L.) Kntze, Rev. Gen.
Family with Collection Number - (VERBENACEAE)/338
Vernacular Name: Brahmadandi, Brahmuna jhatia, Ketu, Nagri,
Bhaunarmal, Pudanargi, (O, Ba) Bamanhatti (Sa) merom ret (Mu).
Parts Used: Dried root powder
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Dried root powder is smoked once a day
continuously one month for the treatment of asthma and fresh Leaf paste with
long peppers (Piper longum ) is used in the ratio of 2:
twice a day in the early morning & before sleep continuously twenty days
as cure for swelling of legs. Sarabasa
(Sa); Nuasahi (Ba); Gandidhar (Mu), Kotoria (Lo).
22. Careya
arborea Roxb.
Family with Collection Number - (BARRINGTONIACEAE)/1239
Vernacular Name: Kumbhi (O, Ba) Himarigacha,
Kumbhi-daru (Lo); Kumbre, Asanda (Ko).
Parts Used: Root
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Fresh
root paste is taken twice a day after food continuously fifteen days against
body pain. Noto (Lo); Sarat
(Ba); Kalmagadia (Mu); Padmapokhari (Ko).
23. Caryota urens L.
Family with Collection Number: - (ARECACEAE)/404
Vernacular Name: Salpa (O, Ba,); Heka, Mada (Ko);
Salpa,Salfa, (Sa & Lo).
Parts Used: Old leaves
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Ash prepared by burning of old leaves (3gm)
with honey (2ml) is prescribed for the treatment of tympanitis i.e,
inflammation of middle ear. Jambabani
(Ba); Kundabai (Lo); Gadiapal (Sa).
24. Crateva
nurvala
Buch.-Ham.
Family with Collection Number - (CAPPARACEAE)/344
Vernacular Name: Barun, Varuna, Pitmaiel (O, Ba);
Banena-ba (Sa); Barun daru (Lo).
Parts Used: Stem bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Fresh
juice of stem bark (3ml) mixed with seed powder of Piper nigrum (1gm) is taken by women in the seventh days of
menstrual cycle as a contraceptive. Monobhanga (Mu); Nuasahi (Ba).
25. Curcuma amada Roxb.
Family with Collection Number - (ZINGIBERACEAE)./364
Vernacular Name: Amad, Ama-haladi (O, Ba);
ke-a-sanga (Lo); Ban-haldi (Sa)
Parts used –Whole plant
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Plant
paste (3gm) with paste of 7 long peppers (Piper
longum ) (1gm) is used twice for seven days after food for the treatment
of piles and decoction of rhizome (3ml) with common salt (2gm) is taken twice
for five days against cold and cough. Sarabasa(Sa); Taldiha (Lo); Talia (Ba); Sarbanaghati, (Mu).
26. Cuscuta
reflexa Roxb.
Family with Collection Number - (CUSCUTACEAE)/364
Vernacular Name: Nirmuli (O, Ba,); Sandura-banda
(Sa); Ara-roamr(Mu); Alok-pui (Lo).
Parts used: Whole
plant
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Plant paste (2gm) with paste of long pepper
(Piper longum ) (1gm) is applied on the
swelling portion of scortum before sleep for the treatment of Hydrocele. Handiphuta (Sa); Goudagan (Ba);
Sarat (Mu).
27. Desmodium
gangeticum
(L) DC.Prod.
Family with Collection Number - (FABACEAE)/275
Vernacular Name: Saloporni, Salpheni, Chokkosondo,
Salpani, (O, Ba) chakulia (Lo); Tandibhidi, Ote-rai (Sa)
Parts Used: Root
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction of root (15ml) is taken in empty
stomach once for seven days for the treatment of Malaria. Chhanua(Ba); Noto & Kotoria (Lo);
Gandidhar (Mu).
28. Desmodium
heterocarpon
(L.) DC. Prod.
Family with Collection Number - (FABACEAE)/277
Vernacular Name: Dongerabuta, Salparni, Krishnapani
(O, Ba); Baephol, Balphol (Sa), krishna -pani (Lo).
Parts Used: Aerial Part
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction of plant (4 ml.) mixed with rice
bear (Oryza sativa) (1 ml.) is taken
twice a days as a tonic for fattening of bodies up to two months. Sarabasa
(Sa); Ashanabani (Ba); Badajhada (Mu).
29. Dillenia aurea Sm.
Family with Collection Number - (DILLE NIACEAE)
/136.
Vernacular Name: Rai, (O, Ba); Rai-daru, (Lo); Korkotta (Sa,
Ko).
Parts Used: Stem bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Extract of stem bark (10ml) is taken once a day for two week in empty stomach
for restoration of health after child birth and decoction of leaf with common
salt in same ratio is taken once a day for seven days against griping pain.
Dangarachua (Sa); Nuasahi (Ba); Gandidhar (Mu).
30. Dillenia indica
L.
Family with Collection Number - (DILLE NIACEAE). /207
Vernacular Name: Awoo, Rai, Dau, Uvu, Oao, (0, Ba);
Chalta (Lo); Korkotta (Sa, Ko).
Parts Used: Leaf paste
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Leaf paste is applied
for the treatment of carbuncle once a day before bed, Kotaria (Lo); Nuasahi
(Ba); Sarabasa (Sa).
31. Dillenia pentagyna Roxb.
Family with Collection Number - (DILLE NIACEAE)/231
Vernacular Name: Rai (OKo, Bh); Aghai(Mu); Sahar,
Korkota(Mu).
Parts Used: Stem
bark.
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction
of stem bark (2ml) mixed with lime water (1ml) is taken twice a day before
food for cure of blood dysentery and Midwives (Dai) of ethnic group uses tree
gum for delivery purpose. Handiphuta (Sa); Uthanisahi (Ba); Nandurusahi (Ko).
32. Dioscorea bulbifera L.
Family with Collection Number - (DIOSCCOREACEAE). /287
Vernacular Name: Jo-sang (Lo); Beng-Sang (Sa, Mu),
Khamba-alu (O, Ba,).
Parts Used: Tuber
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Tuber paste (2gm) with paste of keon-kanda
(Costus specious) (1gm) is
prescribed as a cure for piles. Gandidhara (Mu); Kundabai (Lo); Dukura.
33. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb..
Family with Collection Number - (EBENACEAE). /290
Vernacular Name: Kendu (O, Ba) Tinil, Tendu, Kendu,
(Lo)Tiril (Sa); Duri, During (Ko).
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Mixture of decoction of young leaves (3ml)
with unboiled egg (2gm)& rice bran oil (2ml) is
prescribed for the treatment of night blindness. Podaastia (Sa); Gandidhar (Mu); Bangi riposhi (Ba).
34. Elephantopus
scaber L.
Family with Collection Number - (ASTERACEAE)./387.
Vernacular Name: Tutamuli, Tatmuli, Meghuchuria,
Mayurchandrica, Mayurchulia, Dastigatcho, Amtuliya Chhota-rasna (O, Ba)
Mara-kata-ba (Lo); Madhu-jubi (Mu); Manjurijuti (Sa).
Parts Used: Root
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Root paste (10gm) is taken twice a day
after food for a week for the treatment of pain during discharge of urine.
Thakurmunda (Mu); Nachimpur (Ba); Kalmagadia (Sa).
35. Euphorbia nerifolia
auct. non L. Hook.f. in
Hook.f.
Family with Collection Number - (EUPHORBIACEAE). /267
Vernacular Name: Siju, Thua (O, Ba), Kanta-mansa
(Lo); Ekte (Mu & Sa).
Parts Used: Latex
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Fresh
diluted latex is used as purgative and Juice of fermented leaves is used for
the treatment of rheumatism. Kotoria (Lo); Jaranata (Sa); Talia (Ba).
36. Evolvulus nummularis L.
Family with Collection Number - (CONVOLVULACEAE)./268
Vernacular Name: Bichhamalia, Krishna
ankaranti (O, Ba); Jungi-ba, Tandi kode baha (Sa Mu).
Parts Used: Whole plant
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Plant paste (3gm) with Kusum seed oils (Schleichera oleosa. is used
continuously fifteen days twice a day after food for the treatment of
bronchial asthma. Kotoria
(Lo); Sarat (Sa); Thakurmunda (Ba).
37. Ficus hispida L.f. Suupl.
Family with Collection Number - (MORACEAE)./366.
Vernacular Name: Panidimiri, Demburu, Kharsen,
Dimiri, Baidimiri, (O,Ba); Duma (Sa); Kosta (Lo).
Parts Used: Fruit
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Boiled green fruits given to mother as a
glactogogue for better milk. Hadarachua
(Sa); Kantagadi (Ba); Badajhada (Mu).
38. Ficus
religiosa L.
Family with
Collection Number
- (MORACEAE)./369
Vernacular Name: Pipalo, Usto, Aswatta, Jori,(O,
Ba, Go); Pipa (Sa); Jitia (Lo); Pippala (Ko).
Parts Used: Stem bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Stem bark paste (3gm) with lime water (1ml)
is prescribed as a cure for swelling of glands in armpit and diluted latex is
applied as a cure of skin diseases. Sarabasa (Sa, K); Handiputa (Mu, Ko); Kantagadi (Ba).
39. Flacourtia
indica (Burm.f.) Merr.
Family with Collection Number - (FLACOURTIACEAE)./167
Vernacular Name: Baicha (O, Ba); Merle -daru,
Baichi (Lo); Lakar-kati (Sa).
Parts Used: Stem bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Stem bark paste is applied by rubbing the
skin for the treatment of Eczema..Kotoria (Lo, Ko);
Sarabasa (Sa); Badajhada (Mu, K).
40. Gloriosa superba L.
Family with Collection Number - (LILIACEAE)./199.
Vernacular Name: Nanga-nangalia, Ognisikha, Meheria
phulo, Karihari (O, Ba, Su); Bing-ki-chung (Lo); Jagar (Mu); Samansom, Siric-
samano (Sa).
Parts Used: Tuber
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Tuber paste (3 gm) with paste of long
peppers (Piper longum) (1gm) is
prescribed once a day for twenty days as a cure for rheumatism. Gandidhara (Mu, Go); Kundabai
(Lo); Gadiapal (Sa, K).
41. Gmelina arborea Roxb.
Family with Collection Number - (VERBENACEAE)./189.
Vernacular Name: Gambari, Bhodroporni, Kumar,
Gambhari (O, Ba) Kasmar-daru (Sa & Lo).
Parts Used: Root bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction of root bark is used for washing
& healing of septic wounds. Sarabasa (Sa); Nuasahi (Ba); Gandidhar (Mu); Kotoria (Lo); Uthanisahi
(Ko).
42. Helicteres isora L.
Family with Collection Number - (STERCULIACEAE)./171.
Vernacular Name: Murmuria, Muri-muri, Kurkurbicha,
(O, Ba, Su) Atmura; Ratandaru (Lo); Keheli; (Mu); Kurkure (Sa).
Parts Used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Leaf is juice is used as a disinfectant on
cut wounds for healing and fruits are boiled on Pongamia pinnata oil and used
as massage on rheumatic swelling for the
treatment of rheumatism. Hadarachua
(Sa, K); Monobhanga (Mu, Go); Tangiria (Ko).
43. Heliotropium indicum L.
Family with Collection Number - (BORAGINACEAE)./250
Vernacular Name: Hati-sura (Lo); Hatisundha (O, Ba,
Su, Go).
Parts Used: Root
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Root
paste (3mg) with lime is used by rubbing the infected portion of skin as a
cure for ring worms and decoction of root (10ml) with honey (2ml) is taken as
vitamin for iron deficiency by woman against anemia during pregnancy period. Sarabanaghati (Ba, Su); Sarabasa
(Sa); Hadrachua (Ko); Noto (Lo).
44. Hemidesmus
indicus (L)
R. Br.
Family with Collection Number - (PERIPLOCACEAE). /254
Vernacular Name: Anantamul (O, Ba, Su); Gargeri,
Analsing (Sa); Tarjamala (Mu).
Parts Used: Root
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Root
paste (about 10gm) is taken in empty stomach continuously seven days for the
treatment of leucoderma. Handiphuta,
Sagadi (Sa, Ko); Bhaluhuduca (Mu); Kantagadi (Ba, Su).
45. Hibiscus
rosa-sinensis L.
Family with Collection Number - (MALVACEAE)./346.
Vernacular Name: Parijat, Mondaro, Mandar (O, Ba);
Jaba-gacha.(Lo, Mu, Sa).
Parts Used: Stem bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Stem bark paste (15gm) is given to woman
continuously five days for causing abortion and mixture of pasty mass of
flower buds (3gm) with rust of iron (2gm) and country liquor (2ml) is taken
by women at the days of menstruation as a contraceptive. Kotoria
(Lo, Ko); Bhalughudura
(Sa, Su); Asanbani (Ba Go).
46. Holorrhena
pubescens (Buch-Ham.) Wall.
Family with Collection Number - (APOCYANACEAE)./386
Vernacular Name: Kureni (O, Ba, Go, Su); Kurchi
(Sa); Patadali (Mu, Ko).
Parts Used: Stem bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Stem bark infusion with honey in the ratio
of 3: is taken once a day in empty stomach for cure of dysentery. Sarabasa (Sa); Kantagadi (Ba);
Noto (Lo); Chuniposhi (Ko).
47. Justicia
adhatoda L.
Family with Collection Number - (ACANTHACEAE)./249
Vernacular Name: Vasak, Basango, Basak (O, Ba, Go,
Su); Lupuna-ara, toroe-ara (Lo).
Parts Used: Root
Ethnomedicinal Uses: 5 pieces of root paste with 2-3 pieces of
roots of Abrus precatorius L. and
3-4 pieces of roots of Achyranthes
aspera is mixed and the grinded pasty mass taken twice a day after meal
for twenty days as cure for the treatment of piles. Kotoria (Lo, Ko); Bhurudubani (Ba, Bh);
Dangarasahi (Sa).
48. Lantana
camara (L.)
var. aculeate (L.) Mold.
Family with Collection Number - (VERBENACEAE)./247
Vernacular Name: Malaria-jara, Putus, Bhat-bhirabi
(Lo); Puhes (Sa).
Parts Used: Stem
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction of plant (15ml) is taken for the
treatment of tetanus & there is strict prohibition of taking of sour food
during treatment and decoction of leaf is taken twice a day for a week after
food for the treatment of malaria fever. Kanakadhipa (Mu, Sa); Sagadi (Ba, Go); Kantagadi.
49. Mangifera
indica L.
Family with Collection Number - (ANACARDIACEAE )./349.
Vernacular Name: Amba, Ambo,(O, Ba, Su, Go); Uli,
Maska (Ko, Sa); Uli-daru, Ambati (Lo).
Parts Used: Stem bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Stem bark decoction (15ml) is taken in
empty stomach twice a day continuously for three days as a cure for blood
dysentery and pasty mass of cotyledons is applied on heads as a cure for
falling of hairs. Sarabasa
(Sa); Raikalia (Ba); Kotoria (Mu).
50.
Madhuca longifolia (Koenig)
Macbr.var.latifolia A.Chevb.
Family with Collection Number -
(SAPOTACEAE)/291
Vernacular Name: Mahula, Moha (O, Ba, Su, Go, Bh); Mahul-daru
(Sa, Mu); Mahua, Maul,(Lo).
Parts Used: Honey from flower
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Nectary honey collects from flowers and is
taken continuously 7-days for cure of piles. Sarabasa (Sa); Kantagadi (Ba);
Thakurmunda (Go, Su).
51. Martynia annua L
Family with Collection Number - (MYRTYNIACEAE)./294.
Vernacular Name: Angora, Bagha-nakhi (O, Ba Su, Go); Bilai
Sarsar (Ko); Bana sarsar (Mu); Gay mukhi (Sa).
Parts Used: Seed
Oil
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Seed oil is applied on swelling of joints
for the treatment of rheumatism. Kundabai (Lo, Su); Handiphuta (Sa); Bhurudubani (Ba Bh); Dangarasahi
(Ko).
52. Mimosa pudica L.
Family with Collection Number - (MIMOSACEAE)/288
Vernacular Name: Lajakuli, Lajkui, Lajuli, Nachkuli
(O, Ba, Su); Lajuri, Lazomori (Lo); Lajkuni (Sa).
Parts Used: Root
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction
of root (3ml) mixed with paste of Piper
longum
(2gm) is taken in empty stomach once in the morning up to fifteen days for
the treatment of chylous urine.Noto (Lo); Jambaban (Ba); Sagadi (Mu).
53. Mimosa himalayana Gamble.
Family with Collection Number - (MIMOSACEAE)./278
Vernacular Name: Kirkichi, Kirkichikanta, (O, Ba,
Su); Langra-kanta, soiphur (Lo); Lajkuni (Sa).
Parts Used: Root
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction of root (3ml) mixed with leaf
paste of Cymbopogon species (2gm) prescribed twice a day after food as a
medicine against vomiting during fever. Noto (Lo, K); Jambabani (Ba, Bh); Sagadi (Mu, Go); Kaliasahi (Ko);
Bangiriposhi (Su).
54. Momordica charantia L.
Family with Collection Number - (CUCURBITACEAE)./131
Vernacular Name: Kalara, Kolera, (O, Ba, Su, Bh);
Koradi (Sa & Mu).
Parts Used: Fruit
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Fruit juice (3ml) mixed with root paste of Hemidesmus
indicus (2gm) is taken twice a day after food for one month against sex
debility. Handiphuta (Sa);
Raikalia (Ba, Su); Monobhanga (Mu, Ko, Go).
55. Murraya
paniculata (L.) Jack.
Family with Collection Number - (RUTACEAE)./136
Vernacular Name: Kamini, Ban mallik, Harkankali, Birijugi, Had
kinkali (O, Ba, Su); Kamini-ba (Sa); Atil-sing (Lo).
Parts Used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Leaf
paste (5gm) mixed with lime water (2ml) is applied twice a day against
inflammation at the base of ear and decoction of root (2ml) mixed with honey
(1ml) is given to children twice a day after food for the treatment of black
fever. Sarabasa (Sa);
Kantagadi (Ba, Su); Kuliana (Ko); Gandidhar (Mu, Go).
56.
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.
Family with
Collection Number - (OLEACEAE)./316.
VernacularName: Gangaseoli, Godokodika, Gurjoseoli, Singaroharo,
Sepli, Sedi, Siruli, Ganthakhelika, Gutikhadica, Goudakhadika (O, Ba, Su,
Go); Chirat, Saparon (Sa).
Parts Used: Stem
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction
of stem (3ml) with common salt (2gm) is taken in empty stomach for cure of
dysentery and decoction of leaf (10ml) with paste of Piper longum
(2gm) & honey (1ml) is taken twice a day before food against cold, cough
& fever. Karanjia (Sa);
Gandidhar (Mu); Jashipur (Ba Su, Go).
57. Nelumbo
nucifera Gaertn.
Fruct.
Family with Collection Number - (NYMPHAECEAE)./321
Vernacular Name: Padam, Ranga padam, Dhala padam,
Kani (O, Ba); Pundi - Salakid, Kakanada - Salukid (Lo).
Parts Used: Flower
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction
of red-flowered plants (Kakananda Salukid,) about 15ml is taken in empty
stomach once a day for treatment of blood dysentery. Taldiha (Lo, Go);
Ambadiha (Ba, Su); Patharkhani (Ko).
58. Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. Var. dillenii (Ker-Gawl.) Benson.
Family with Collection Number - (CACTACEAE)./324
Vernacular Name : Nagphani, Nagophenia, Nagphani,
(O, Ba, Su, Go) Nagaphini (Sa).
Parts Used: Phylloclade
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Pasty
mass of whole plant (3gm) mixed with common salt (2gm) is taken twice for
fifteen days as a cure for swelling of joints. Noto (Lo, K); Sarat (Ba, Su); Badajhada (Mu);
Padmapokhari (Ko).
59. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent.
Family with Collection Number - (BIGNONIACEAE)./322
Vernacular Name : Phonphana, Phampan
(O, Ba, Su); Rengebanam, Samahauk (Lo); Bans-hatak pareri (Sa).
Parts Used: Stem
bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction
of stem bark (2ml) with common salt (1gm) is prescribed twice a day for one
month against menorrhagia of women. Noto (Lo, Ko) Kaptipada (Sa); jambabni (Ba, Bh), Gandidhar (Mu).
60. Ocimum gratissium
L.
Family with Collection Number - (LAMIACEAE)./317
Vernacular Name: Gandhatulsi (O, Ba); Dimbu (Sa);
Dimbu-baha (Lo).
Parts Used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Dried leaf powder is smoked as a cigarette
for getting relief from asthma and leaf juice (3ml) with honey is given to
babies once in the early morning continuously ten days for the treatment of
common cold & cough. Babgiriposhi
(Sa, Ko); Kantagadi (Ba); Noto (Lo).
61. Oryza sativa L.
Family with Collection Number - (POACEAE)./269
Vernacular Name: Dhano, Dhanno (O, Ba, Su, Go, Sa
& Lo).
Parts Used: Seed
Ethnomedicinal Uses: -5 grains of rice with stale water is taken
in the early morning for one month as a cure for gastric troubles. Karangia (Sa); Jashipur (Ba, Su);
Gandidhar (Mu); Kosta (Lo).
62. Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene.
Family with Collection Number - (VERBENACEAE). /318
Vernacular Name: Gosingi, (O, Ba, Su); Jalapipla
(Sa).
Parts Used: Root
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction
of root (3ml) with un boiled egg (2mg) is given to women to promote sexual
desire. Gadiapala (Sa);
Ashanabani (Ba, Su); Kaliasahi (Ko).
63. Phyllanthus
emblica L.
Family with Collection Number - (EUPHORBIACEAE)./273
Vernacular Name : Amla, Anola (O, Ba, Su, Go);
Aouha, Meral (Sa); Miral-daru (Lo); Aura (Ko).
Parts Used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Fresh
leaf juice (2ml) with diluted solution of common salt (1ml) used as a drop in
eyes for improving weak eye sight. Kotoria (Lo, K); Nuasahi (Ba, Go); Handiphuta (Sa); Kaliasahi (Ko).
64. Plumbago zeylanica
L.
Family with Collection Number - (PLUMBAGINACEAE)./263
Vernacular Name: Dhola chitaparu, Chintamani, Ogni
chitapari, (O, Ba, Su, Go); Chitaparu, Kitamuli (Lo) Sitaparu (Ko); Chitur
(Mu).
Parts Used: Root
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Root
is boiled in mustard oil and used for the treatment of rheumatism. Bhaluhuduca (Mu, Go); Sarabasa
(Sa); Kantagadi (Ba, Su).
65. Psidium
guajava L.
Family with Collection Number - (MYRTACEAE)./239
Vernacular Name: Pijuli, Peda (O, Ba Su Go); Peara
(Lo); Tamras (Sa).
Parts Used: Flower
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Dried flower powder is prescribed to smoke
as cigarette to get relieve from headache. Noto (Lo); Mankadapada (Ko, Bh); Raikalia (Ba, Su).
66. Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd Sp.
Family with Collection Number - (STERCULIACEAE)./ 252
Vernacular Name: Kanaka champa (O, Ba, Su);
Musch-kunidu-baha (Lo); Muskundu-daru (Mu, Sa).
Parts Used: Flower
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Dried
flower powder is mixed with coconut oil (Cocos
nucifera) and is applied on head for killing of hair lice. Handiphuta
(Sa); Jadida (Ba); Kaptipada (Mu).
67. Saccharum officinarum L.
Family with Collection Number - (POACEAE)./258
Vernacular Name : Akho, Aku (O, Ba, Su, Go); Akh (Lo
& Sa).
Parts Used: Stem
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Stem
juice (5gm) with paste of black peppers (Piper nigrum ) (1gm) is prescribed for the
treatment of constitutional disorder. Manida (Ba, Su, Go); Badajhada (Mu); Dukura (Ko).
68. Santalum album L.
Family with Collection Number - (SANTALACEAE)./209
Vernacular Name: Chandan (O, Ba, Su, Go).
Parts Used: Wood
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Wood
paste is applied on forehead against headache and oil is used as stimulant
and expectorant for bronchitis. Uthanisahi (Sa); Kantagadi (Ba);
Badajhada (Ba); Kaliasahi (Ku).
69. Schleichera
oleosa (Lour.)
Oken.
Family with Collection Number - (SAPINDACEAE)./207
Vernacular Name: Kusum, Pagada (O, Ba, Su, Go);
Kohumu, (Ko); Beru (Mu); Pusar (Sa).
Parts Used: Stem bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Stem bark paste is applied on skin before
bed as curative against for itching and seed oil are used for treatment of
gout and scabies Uthanisahi (Mu, Ko); Handiphuta (Sa); Ambadiha (Ba, Su).
70. Scoparia dulcis L
Family with Collection Number - (SCROPHULARIACEAE)./223.
Vernacular Name: Chirarita, Khelopapada (O, Ba,
Su); Chirarita (Ko); Boradajing (Sa); Atsirsa (Mu); Chinisagar, Barigaugai
(Lo).
Parts Used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction
of leaf (20ml) is taken twice continuously ten days for the treatment of sore
throat. Kantagadi (K); Kaliasahi (Ko); Thakurmunda (Su, Go).
71. Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.)W.F.Wight.
Family with Collection Number - (FABACEAE). /257
Vernacular Name: Dhanicha (O, Ba, Su); Charpijang
(Sa).
Parts Used: Seed
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Mixture of seed paste (3 gm) with lime
water (1ml.) is applied before bed as a cure for ring worm. Raikalia (Sa); Phulgadia (Ba); Bdajhada (Mu).
72. Shorea
robusta
Gaertn.f.Fruct.
Family with Collection Number - (DIPTEROCARPACEAE). /588
Vernacular Name: Sal, Salura, Sekura, Sagua, Rengal
(O, Ba, Su, Go); Sarjam (Sa, Ko); Sakhu (Mu); Sal-mugra (Lo).
Parts Used: Seed
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Seed paste is applied with slight boiling
before bed for the treatment of carbuncle. Bhaluhuduka (Ko, K); Sagadi (Ba, Su); Sarabasa (Sa); Chhanua (Mu).
73. Sida acuta Burm. f.
Family with Collection Number - (MALVACEAE)./187
Vernacular Name: Bariari, Bajarmuli, Ipirpunga, Ancharna,
Siobola, Sunakhadika, (O, Ba, Su, Go); Nelakuturi, Ipipijon (Ko) pirpiching
(Mu) Birmiru-baha, Chiknidal (Sa); Nelakuturi,Carchija
(Lo).
Parts Used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction of leaf (3ml) mixed with paste of
(2gm) Piper nigrum and lime water
(1ml) is taken twice a day after food for a week as a cure for swellings of
scrotum. Kaptipada (Sa, Ko);
Dibasahi (Mu); Jambabani (Ba, Bh).
74. Solanum
Violaceum Orteg.
Family with Collection Number - (SOLANACEAE)./311
Vernacular Name: Bhejibaigana,
Kantra, Dengabheji, (O, Ba, Su); Bayakew (Lo); Huring-hanged (Mu); Poko-bhijri
(Sa).
Parts Used: Fruit
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Green
Fruits (10-12) fried in mustard (Brassica campestris) oil is taken for
the treatment of cough & cold. Chuinposhi (Mu); Gardiapala (Sa); Karanjia (Ba, Go).
75. Soymida
febrifuga
(Roxb.)A.Juss.
Family with Collection Number - (MELLIACEAE)./319
Vernacular Name: Rohini, Sawan, Sohan, Swam (O, Ba, Su); Rahara,
Scean, Taka-Rahora (Lo); Ruhingruning-daru (Sa).
Parts Used: Stem bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction of stem bark (5 ml) is
prescribed to woman for one month twice a day after food as a cure for
anemia. Sarabasa (Sa); Kantagadi (Ba); Kaptipada (Mu);
Baubandh (Ko, K).
76. Spondias
pinnata (L.f.)
Kurz.
Family with Collection Number - (ANACARDIACEAE)./306.
Vernacular Name: Ambada, Ambota, Amta (O, Ba, Su);
Amubru (Mu); Ambra (Sa); Srena (Ko); Ma-joada (Lo).
Parts Used: Root bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Root bark paste (5gm) with mustard oil
(1ml) used as massage for the treatment of muscular pain. Kuliana (Mu); Uthanisahi ( Ko); Handiphuta
(Sa); Ambadiha (Ba); Kotoria(Lo).
77. Streblus asper Lour.
Family with Collection Number - (MORACEAE)./261
Vernacular Name: Sara, Sahuda, Sahada (O, Ba, Su,
Go); Ote-chum, Skri-Saijnga (Lo); Sahara (Sa).
Parts Used: Stem bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Stem bark paste (about10gm) is taken once a
day continuously one month for the treatment of elephantiasis. Taladiha (Lo); Uthanisahi (K);
Talia (Su).
78. Strychnos
nux-vomicaL.Sp.
Family with Collection Number - (STRYCHNACEAE)./299
Vernacular Name: Kuchila (O, Ba, Su, Go); Gorumar
(Sa).
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Pasty
mass of stem (3gm) with Kusum (schleihcera
oleosa) Seed oil (1ml) is prescribed twice a day after food for ten days
continuously for the treatment of Leucoderma. Hadrachua (Sa); Nuasahi (Ba); Kantagadi (Su);
Patharakhani (Ko).
79. Terminalia
arjuna (Roxb.ex
Dc.) Wight & Arn.
Family with Collection Number - (COMBRETACEAE)./305
Vernacular Name: Arjuna (O, Ba, Su, Go); Behra,
Kahua (Sa).
Parts Used: Stem bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction
of stem bark (20 ml.) is taken once a day in empty stomach continuously five
days for the treatment of malaria fever. Bhaluhuduka (Mu); Sagadi (Ba) Hadarachua (Su); Salamunduli (Go);
Gadiapal (Ko).
80. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.
Family with Collection Number - (COMBRETACEAE). /303.
Vernacular Name: Bhadara, Bahada (O, Ba); Behra
(Sa); Lupung -daru (Lo).
Parts Used: Stem bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Stem
bark paste (2gm) is prescribed to women with boiled water twice a day after
food continuously ten days as a cure for leucoderma. Kotoria (Lo, Ko); Sarabasa (Sa); Gandidhar
(Mu); Thakurmunda (Go).
81. Terminalia
chebula Retz.
Family with Collection Number - (COMBRETACEAE)./300
Vernacular Name: Kasaphala, Harida (O, Ba, Su); Rola-daru,
Hara (Lo); Hora-daru (Sa).
Parts Used: Fruit
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Fruit infusion (15 ml) is taken in
empty stomach once a day as cure for dysentery. Kaptipada (Sa);
Chhanua (Ba); Monabhanga (Mu).
82. Tephrosia
purpurea (L.)
Pers.
Family with Collection Number - (FABACEAE). /304
Vernacular Name: Bano-kuthi, Gileri, Kulathio, Ban-nilo,
Mohisia-Kotathiya, Pokha, Soropokha, Kulathia (O, Ba, Su); Nol-gach,
Bir-chakunda (Lo); Anuraida (Sa).
Parts Used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction
of leaf (5ml) mixed with honey (2ml) given to women twice a day continuously
for one month against post natal complications. Podadiha (Ba, Su); Monobhanga (Go); Gandidhar
(Mu).
83. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook.f. &
Thoms.
Family with Collection Number - (MENISPERMACEAE)./285.
Vernacular Name: Gulachi, Gulochi, Guluchilata, Tihada (O, Ba,
Su); Gursilali,(Ko); Cunchi (Sa); Titmaal, Nim-gulancha (Lo).
Parts Used: Stem
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction of stem (3ml) with common salt
(2gm) is taken in empty stomach for one month for the cure of acidity.
Taldiha & Noto (Lo); Sarat (Ba, Su).
84. Triticum aestivum L.
Family with Collection Number - (POACEAE)./245
Vernacular Name: Gahama, Gonhu, (O, Ba, Su); Goin,
Gahu (Lo & Sa).
Parts Used: oil of the ghost
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Wheat bran oil (5ml) with country liquor
(3ml) is prescribed to girls for treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful
menstruation). Gandidhar (Mu); Kundabai (Lo); Gadiapal (Sa).
85. Tridax procumbens L.
Family with Collection Number - (ASTERACEAE)./244
Vernacular Name: Bhumi poksungo, Bisalya karani (O, Ba, Su);
Susumujar (Sa); Bisal gacha, Kulal puduga (Ku).
Parts Used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Fresh leaf juice is
applied as antiseptic cream for healing of cut wounds. Gandidhar (Mu); Nachimpur (Ba); Kalmagadia (Sa).
86. Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash in Small.
Family with Collection Number - (POACEAE)./307
Vernacular Name: Bena (O, Ba, Su); Bena-ba, Sirom
(Lo); Siromu, Siron (Mu & Sa).
Parts Used: Stem
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Stem decoction (about 20ml) is prescribed
as cure for diseases where urine with milky fluid due to suspense of fat
globules in it. Gandidhar
(Mu); Kundabai (Lo); Gadiapal (Sa); Rairangpur (Ko, K).
87. Vitex negundo L.
Family with Collection Number - (VERBENACEAE)/281
Vernacular Name: Begunia, Nirgundi, Beyguna (O, Ba,
Su, Bh); Bengunia-ba (Lo); Bengunia, Lunguni (Sa).
Parts Used: Root bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction of root bark (about 15ml) with
paste of 21 black peppers (Piper nigrum) is taken twice a day after
food continuously seven days for the treatment of typhoid fever. Kuliana (Sa); Nuasahi (Ba, Go);
Gandidhar (Mu).
88. Withania
somnifera L.
Family with Collection Number - (SOLANACEAE)./242
Vernacular Name: Ashwagandha (O, Ba, Su); Care-su
(Lo).
Parts Used: Flower
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Decoction of flower with honey is taken in
the ratio of 5: frequently for one month against seminal weakness. Sarabasa (Sa); Nachhimpur (Ba);
Bhaluhuduca (Mu); Kaliasahi (Ko).
89. Woodfordia
fruticosa (L.) Kurz, J.Asiat.
Family with Collection Number - (LYTHRACEAE)./315
Vernacular Name: Dhai, Dhatuki, Dhatki, Dhatuk, Jaliko, Harwari,
Dhia, Dhataki (O, Ba, Su, Go); Icha, Ichak, Patakalu; (Sa); Dhawai-ba, Ichak-ba
(Lo).
Parts Used: Dried flower
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Dried
flower powder (5gm) with honey (1ml) is given to women once a day
continuously one month for the treatment of leucorrhoea. Hadarachua (Sa); Nuasahi (Ba); Nandurusahi
(Mu); Kaliasahi (Ko).
90. Zizyphus
mauritiana Lam.
Family with Collection Number - (RHAMNACEAE)./211
Vernacular Name: Borokoli, Bodokoli, Bodori, Boyer,
Barakuli (O, Ba, Su); Janumjan (Ko), Dodari, Kanta-pitali, Serka (Lo);
Barkoir, Jam-janum (Sa).
Parts Used: Stem bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Stem
bark paste is taken twice a day after food as a cure for abdominal pain
during pregnancy. Karanjia
(Sa); Kantagadi (Ba); Kuliana (Ko).
91. Ziziphus
oenoplia (L.)
Mill.
Family with Collection Number - (RHAMNACEAE)./217
Vernacular Name: Kantakoli, Kantaikoli, Burukoli, Kanakoli,
Tinkoli,
(O, Ba, Su); Shiakul,
Bir-janum (Lo); Janumbill, Bagriba (Sa).
Parts Used: Stem bark
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Mixture of decoction of stem bark (3ml)
with paste of long peppers (Piper longum ) (2gm)
is taken in empty stomach in early morning for cure of dysentery. Sarabasa
(Sa); Kantagadi (Ba); Kundabai (Ko).
92. Ziziphus rugosas Lam.
Family with Collection Number - (RHAMNACEAE)./248.
Vernacular Name: Gutto, Gonti, Goto, Gotoboro, Kantabohul,
Ghanto Ghat, (O, Ba, Su); Karkata-daru (Lo); Kotadi, Kat-baer (Sa.).
Parts Used: Leaf
Ethnomedicinal Uses: Pasty
mass of leaves mixed with sugar (5 gm) & is taken as a preventive measure
for pox. Sarabasa (Sa); Chhanua (Ba ); Monabhanga
(Mu).
DISCUSSION
A number of organizations within India
are concerned with maintaining India’s
Traditional Medicine Systems. In addition, there is a wide spread development
network, and established pharmaceutical industry and a wealth of botanical
experts in the country. Until now, however, there has been little effort to
document the volume and impact of national or international trade in India's
medicinal plants. (Ganesan, S. and Kesavan, L, 2003 ) According to the latest
figures, it costs around 800 million dollars to put a new drug on the market.
When companies manufacture a product based on TK and convert it into a
medicine, they “acquire” a product which is worth a few hundred million
dollars (Jain, 1986, 1995). A USA
based top pharmaceutical companies like MERCK, RANBAXY and SHAMAN are the
classical examples. Such is the enormous potential hidden in these plants
gifted by Nature. (Ahmad, M., Khan, M. A. and Qureshi, R. A, 2003).
After
lengthy discussions with the local doctors practising siddha, Ayurveda and
unani (Indian alternative medical systems), it was learnt that these plants
listed by the authors in this investigation are very much used by them in
making various formulations for a variety of ailments. From the enumeration
study, it is obvious that the tribes of similipal bioreserve, who either work
as labourers or cultivate crops such as Paddy, Mandia, Jhoar and mostly
depend on forest and the forest products to sustain their livelihood. (Saeed
M. M, Arshad M, Ahmed E and Ishaque, M. 2004) The tribals inherit rich
traditional knowledge about the flora investigated and apply this knowledge
for making crude phytomedicines to cure infections as simple as cold to as
complicated as cancer. These crude herbal medicines are based not only on
traditional knowledge but also on rituals and beliefs. For instance the
treatment given by the herbal healer for a patient suffering from jaundice is
paste of a particular herb and onion along with a copper coin tied
religiously around the shoulder and it is believed that it has a magical
cure! Another remarkable feature of the study was the presence of sacred
groves in all the hamlets. Sacred groves are one of the most important and
essential bio-resources of the country. (Mukherjee T. K. 2004
). It represents an ancient Indian system of conservation tradition,
protected by the local people out of reverence and respect, fear and
sentiment for Nature and incarnation of Nature. They are home to local flora
and fauna, a veritable gene pool and mini biosphere reserve. It is note
worthy that similipal bioreserve tribal village has the maximum number of
sacred groves. It is observed with a sad note that this TK which formed the
basis for origin of not only alternative medicine but also paved way to evolution
of a gamut of new and novel modern medicines, is facing slow and natural
death as these communities are eventually oriented more towards modern
medicine as they believe it gives a quick remedy, while it is paradoxical to
see the modern world of late, focusing more on alternative medicine which has
herbal base predominantly. Presently, very few elders in the tribal community
practice herbal cure, while the young and current generation knows little or
nothing about the traditional herbal medicines. If this trend continues, a
few years from now, there will not be even a single elder member in tribal
community who knows TK on medicinal plants to welcome an ethno-botanist with
“EVERYTHING GREEN IS MEDICINE”.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors are thankful to Dr N. K. Dhal and N.C. Rout
Taxonomist (RRL, Bhubaneswar) for
their valuable and consistent support and guidance during this work.
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