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Ethnobotanical
Leaflets 11: 122-140. 2007. Ethnobotanical Exploration of Malkangiri A.B. Prusti1 and K.K.Behera2 1P.N.
College, Khurda-752057 (Orissa) India E-mail:
aratibala_prusti@hotmail.com 2Ph.D.Scholar, P.G.Dept.of Botany, E-mail:kambaska@yahoo.co.in Issued ABSTRACT The association of man with the
neighborhood flora starts with human civilization. Besides food, feed clothes
and shelter, plants are important source of drugs. These plants or its parts
therefore used either directly or after processing by the native people
against various diseases, disorders and ailments. A survey was conducted on
the tribal district of Malkangiri of Orissa to identify and record various
ethno medicinally important plants and their medicinal uses. In the present
investigation there are 134 species of plants belong to 69 families and 128
genera are recorded and
used in various ailments by different tribes of Malkangiri
district of Orissa.
INTRODUCTION Ethnobotany is an age-old process starting from human civilization .The
present paper deals with the result of exploration of ethnomedicinally
important taxa growing in the tribal locality of Malkanagiri district.The
district is named after its headquarters town Malkangiri .During formation of
Orissa Province in 1936 Malkangiri was a "Taluk" of Nabrangpur
sub-division of Koraput District of Orissa.In 1962 it was upgraded to a
subdivision of Koraput district. The present Malkangiri district got its
identity as an independent district due to reorganizations of districts of
Orissa as per notification on During the ethno-botanical study among the tribes of the district the following information has been colleted. Frequency, locality of collection and local names of plants have been given for each species. Regarding the folklore claims mostly such information has been gathered from local ‘Baids is given in this paper and the information does not seem to have been recorded in the works of Chopra et al. (1956, 1969), Dastur (1951, 1961) and Wealth of India (1948-1972). MATERIALS Ethnobotanical surveys have been carried out in various tribal pockets of Malkangiri district. First hand information on ethnomedicinal plants were collected in the field and confirm through the tribal healers their location in various forest patches .The plants are arranged family wise followed by botanical name of the plant, locality,ethnomedicinal use in briefs and local name (Warrier,P.K.et al.1993) .The voucher specimen have been deposited in the herbarium of Departments of Botany of P.N. College,(Autonomous) Khurda-752057 ,Orissa,India. RESULT Malkangiri is one of the tribal rich districts of Orissa famous for its Bonda a primitive tribe which are unique in their ethno cultural heritage and far from the modern civilization and mostly depend on the forest and forest produce for their livelihood including the other tribes.Malkangiri is one of the richest botanical treasures in Orissa is under intense biotic pressure owing to forest fire , practice of podu cultivation by the tribal groups ,over exploitation of medicinal plants for drugs and conversion of forest to agricultural lands. These factors of degradation result not only in the depletion of certain valuable interesting medicinal taxa but also leads to substantial reduction in the density and genetic diversity of forest cover. (Tiwari et al, 1999). This rapid damage to natural habitats, thus threatning the very survival of several indigenous species. The present investigation is carried out by the intensive field exploration and interaction with the tribal people for nearly three years to identify the ethnomedicinal plants and their uses. The data when crosschecked with the published literature, it was found that most of the uses are either less known or not recoded earlier. During the survey 134 species belong to 128 genera and 69 families have been collected ,critically studied and mentioned in the paper. The present study was unique in nature so far as the information is concerned. All the medicinal herbs reported in the paper are being employed as herbal drugs in various pharmaceutical preparations. During the study it is observed that the family Fabaceae are dominantly used by the tribals to cure their various ailments followed by Asteracea, Malvacea and Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae and Mimosaceae, Apocyanaceae, Acanthaceae, Verbenaceae, Menispermaceae,Sterculiaceae,Tilliaceae, Convolvulaceae, Caesalpiniacea, Moraceae, Zingiberaceae, Amaranthaceae, Lamiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Boraginaceae, Ascleiadaceae, Mollaginaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Combretaceae, Rhamnaceae, Meliaceae, Rutaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Cleomaceae, Dillieneaceae and others. It is also found that their are certain species which are discontinuous in distribution and presently occur in the scheduled habitats which are rather becoming endangered/rare either on account of habitat loss or any other factors. So this study will help conserve and to restore the genetic diversity of medicinal plants which are immense potential in indigenous system of Indian medicines. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors wishes to acknowledge to the University Grants Commission for providing financial support as Minor Research Project (Xth Plan) and also thankful to the Principal, P.N. College, Khurda (Orissa) and K.S .Murty ,C.R.I(Ay.),Bhubaneswar-751009.for their kind help and co-operation. . DILLENIACEAE Dillenia aurea Sm. Frequent. Chitrakonda. The paste of stem bark is applied to expel worms from wound sores of cattle. Local name: Kermetta Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. Frequent. Koiguda Flowers are eaten as vegetable. Local name: Raayi ANNONACEAE Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Sinclair Rare. Govindpalli Ripe fruit is eaten. Local name: Gondhasala MENISPERMACEAE Cissampelos pareira L. Common. Govindapalli The paste of the leaves is given to produce sterility in females. Local name: Dindanimada Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels Common. Borigumma The juice of leaves is given in bilious derangements. Local name: Musakani Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hk.f. & Th. Frequent. Khairaput The juice of ripe fruits with a little honey is given to children in colds. Local name: Guluchilota PAPAVERACEAE Argemone mexicana L. Common. Borigumma The latex of stem is applied externally to cure wounds of Leprosy. Local name: Khurokonta CLEOMACEAE Cleome
gynandra L. Common. Kadamguda The paste of the leaves is applied on the forehead to remove headache. Local name: Balakutni Cleome rutidosperma DC. Common. Kalyaguda Tender leaves are eaten as ‘sag’. Local name: Anasorisho VIOLACEAE Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.v.Muell. Frequent. Koyagiri The paste of fresh root is given in Spermatorrhoea/Menorrhagia. Local name: Madanmast FLACOURTIACEAE Casearia graveolens Dalz. Common. Govindpalli Oil extracted from the seeds is used as cooking medium. Local name: Khirchi Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Frequent. Koyaguda The paste of raw fruit together with a pinch of salt is given in indigestion. Local name: Konta baincho PITTOSPORACEAE Pittosporum wightii A.K. Mukherjee Frequent. Kattapada, on way to Koyaguda The paste of bark is given on empty stomach to reduce sexual urge in males. Local name: Debasunda CARYOPHYLLACEAE Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. Rare. Chingdaguda The paste of wholeplant is applied externally to boils to burst open. Local name: Pasanbhed PORTULACACEAE Portulaca pilosa L. Common. Boipariguda The plant paste is applied externally in burns. Local name: Luniya DIPTEROCARPACEAE Shorea robusta Gaertn.f. Common. Boipariguda The powder of resin is mixed in water and taken to check Diarrhoea due to indigestion. Local name: Rengali BOMBACACEAE Bombax ceiba L. Frequent. Chitrakonda The juice of bark mixed in a little honey is given internally in Anaemia. Local name: Semuli MALVACEAE Abelmoschus crinitus Wall. Frequent. Boipariguda The fresh root is eaten raw. Local name: Bonabhendi Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Frequent. Dasmandpur The juice of fresh leaves is applied on chronic wounds. Local name: Pedipedika Kydia calycina Roxb. Common. Borigumma The paste of stem bark is mixed in mustard oil, slightly warmed and applied externally in sprains. Local name: Kapasia Sida cordata (Burm.f.) Borss. Common. Sirimillia The paste of fresh root is used in bleeding piles. Local name: Biskopri Sida rhombifolia L. Common. Mathili The water extract of root is given as an anti-inflammatory. Local name: Bajromuli STERCULIACEAE Byttneria herbacea Roxb. Frequent. Boipariguda The paste of wholeplant is used in fracture of limbs. Local name: Samarkai Helicteres isora L. Common. Bonda Hills The water extract of root is given in empty stomach to expel intestinal worms in children. Local name: Alti Pterospermum xylocarpum (Gaertn.) Sant & Wagh. Frequent. Balimela The powder of flowers is smoked as tabacco for mild sedation. Local name: Muchukunda TILIACEAE Corchorus aestuans L. Frequent. Dasmandpur The paste of seeds is given together with warm cow milk to relieve congestion in chest. Local name: Budanolita Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. Frequent. Bonda Hills Ripe fruits are eaten. Local name: Damana Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz. Common. Bonda Hills The powder of flowers mixed in honey is taken to reduce fevers. Local name: San kavatimal ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Tribulus terrestris L. Frequent. Pujariguda The powder of fruits is mixed in water and taken to check Diarrhoea. Local name: Gokra OXALIDACEAE Oxalis corniculata L. Frequent. Boipariguda The paste of whole plant is applied locally in insect bites for immediate relief from burning sensation. Local name: Amblit RUTACEAE Atlantia monophylla (L.) Corr. Frequent. Kalimela The stem of the plant is advised as a hand stick for patients of Rheunatism. Local name: Narguni Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. Common. Boipariguda The juice of fresh leaves is given to children to expel intestinal worms in cattle. Local name: Chouldua
MELIACEAE Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Frequent. Kudumulaguma The water extract of bark is given in sexually transmitted diseases. Local name: Nimba Toona ciliata Roem. Frequent. On way to Koyagiri from Malkangiri The water extract of stem bark is given in fevers. Local name: Mahalimb RHAMNACEAE Ventilago entatecal Willd. Frequent. Bonda Hills The paste of root is used in blood Dysentary. Local name: Pitchuli Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Frequent. Dasmandpur The juice of fresh leaves is given in Jaundice. Local name: Borkoli VITACEAE Ampelocissus tomentosa (Roth.) Planch Frequent. K. Gumma The root paste is applied externally in bone fracture and bandaged for healing. Local name: Katabhonganoi SAPINDACEAE Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Frequent. Bonda Hills The juice of leaves is applied externally to check blending due to cuts. Local name: ANACARDIACEAE Buchanania lanzan Spr. Common. Boipariguda The powder of stem bark is used to heal wounds. Local name: Charo FABACEAE Abrus precatorius L. Common. Kudumulagumma The powder of seeds together with old ‘gur’ is given to terminate pregnancy upto 3 months. Local name: Runjo Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth Common. Koyaguda The juice of leaf is given in Jaundice. Local name: Ashar Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. Frequent. Chitrakonda The water extract of root is given in cough and cold. Local name:Salpani Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Common. Bonda Hills. The paste of wholeplant is applied externally to check bleeding due to cuts and head the wound subsequently. Local name: Kansisra Erythrina indica Lam. Frequent. Kalyaguda The juice of leaf is given to children for its vermicidal properties. Local name: Pauladua Flemingia nana Roxb. Frequent. Bonda Hills The paste of fresh root is added in ‘Soloppo’ (Toddy of Caryota urens) to increase its enhancing properties. Local name: Jikdikanda Milletia extensa (Benth.) Baker Frequent. Bonda Hills The paste of fresh root is given to check blood dysentery and water extract of root is given in malaria Local name: Marda, Majja ,Birchi Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. Rare. Govindpalli Seeds are roasted, dehusked and used as pulses. Local name: Dumahirma Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Common. Chitrakonda The juice of root is swallowed to subside stomach ache. Local name: Kolathi ponhra CAESALPINIACEAE Bauhinia vahlii Wt& Arn. Frequent. Bonda Hills The seeds are roasted on fire, dehusked and eaten. Local name: Siali Cassia fistula L. Frequent. Pujariguda The paste of seeds is given in low B.P. Local name: Sunart Tamarindus indica L. Common. Sirimilla The ash of bark is given in hyperacidity. Local name: Thenthuli MIMOSACEAE Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn.ex. Benth. Planted. Govindpalli The paste of leaf is used as a stupefying agent. Local name: Akasia Acacia polycantha Willd. Frequent. Chitrakonda The juice of fresh bark mixed in sweetened milk is given to terminate pregnancy upto 3 months. Local name: Gohereu Entada rheedii Spr. Rare. Manjariguda The paste of seed is applied externally in snake-bite. Local name: Hanuman lota Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub. Frequent. Bonda Hills Raw seeds are relished as vegetable. Local name: Kongra COMBRETACEAE Combretum roxburghii Spr. Common. Govindpalli The ash of mature leaves is used externally in skin troubles. Local name: Atundi Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.ex DC.) Wt. & Arn. Common. Indravati The fresh bark is chewed and the juice swallowed as an antacid. Local name: Arjun MYRTACEAE Psidium guajava L. Planted. Govindpalli The paste of immature fruit is used to check loose motions. Local name: Pijuli LECYTHIDACEAE Careya arborea Roxb. Frequent. Bonda Hills The paste of fresh bark is applied to cuts and wounds. Local name: Kumbi LYTHRACEAE Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz. Frequent. Dasmandpur The paste of root is given to terminate pregnancy. Local name: Dhataki ONAGRACEAE Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven Common. Baliguda The paste of wholeplant is applied externally in Eczema. Local name: Agnijaal CUCURBITACEAE Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Common. Kodamguda The juice of fresh leaves is used as ear drops to subside ear ache. Local name: Kunduru Momordica charantia L. Planted. Kadamguda The paste of seven leaves is given daily on empty stomach in Diabetes. Local name: Kolara MOLLUGINACEAE Glinus lotoides L. Rare. Boipariguda The water extract of wholeplant is given to control fever. Local name: Luduru Trianthema portulacastrum L. Frequent. Chingdaguda Leaf is eaten as vegetable. Local name: Puruni APIACEAE Cuminum cyminum L. Planted. Boipariguda Seeds are chewed together with a little sugar in aphthous ulcers in mouth. Local name: Jeera ALANGIACEAE Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang. Common. Bonda Hills The juice of leaf is applied in snake-bite. Local name:Dhol anku RUBIACEAE Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A. Rich.ex Walp. Rare. Bonda Hills The juice of fresh bark is given in cardiac ailments. Local name: Kadamba Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng. Common. Chitrakonda Immature fruits are eaten as vegetable to overcome gastric problems. Local name: Kurdu Paederia foetida L. Frequent. Malkangiri The paste of leaf is given in empty stomach to cure low back pain. Local name: Pasaruni Tamilnadia uliginosa (Retz.) Tirveng. & Sastre Frequent. Koyaguda Raw fruits are eaten as vegetable. Local name: Kumudmara ASTERACEAE Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. King & H. Robins. Common. Chitrakonda The juice of fresh leaves is applied externally to check bleeding from fresh cuts. Local name:Poksunga Elephantopus scaber L. Common. Boipariguda The juice of fresh root is given for 40 days to for conception in women. Local name: Mayurchulia Enydra fluctuans Lour. Rare. Boipariguda Leaf is eaten as vegetable to reckon Anaemia. Local name: Hidimich sag Spilanthes
paniculata Root is chewed and the juice thus obtained is swallowed to check tooth ache. Local name: Madachhod Sphaeranthus indicus L. Common. Malkangiri Leaf is cooked together with rice and eaten to check rheumatic pains. Local name: Gondri Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. Frequent. Kalyaguda The paste of seeds is given to check stomach ache. Local name: Gondri Xanthium strumarium L. Common. Sirimilla The paste of root is applied externally to heal wounds. Local name: Kothu MYRSINACEAE Ardisia solanacea Roxb. Rare. Chitrakonda The juice of ripe fruits is used as eye drops in Conjunctivitis. Local name: Kunti SAPOTACEAE Madhuca indica Gmel. Common. Koyaguda The seed oil is applied all over the body daily for a healthy skin. Local name: Mohuli EBENACEAE Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Common. Mathili Ripe fruit is eaten check Diarrhoea. Local name: Kendu OLEACEAE Nyctanthes arbortristis L. Frequent. Kudumulagumma The juice of fresh leaves mixed in honey is given internally in Malarial fever. Local name: Gongasiuli APOCYNACEAE Alstonia
scholaris (L.) R. Frequent. Bonda Hills The paste of stem bark is warmed and applied locally in dog bite. Local name: Chatyana Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold Planted. Kalimela Leaves are smeared with mustard oil, warmed and applied joints in rheumatic pains. Local name: Koniari Holarrhena pubescens Wall.ex G. Don. Frequent. Khairaput Latex is mixed in country liquors for de addiction. Local name: Kurmi PERIPLOCACEAE Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. & Shult. Rare. Khairaput Latex is applied locally to check bleeding from fresh cuts. Local name: Khraloha ASCLEPIADACEAE Calotropis gigantea R. Br. Common. Malkangiri Milky latex is applied in Eczema. Local name: Arko Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. Frequent. Kalimela The juice of stem is given for abortion. Local name: Utrali LOGANIACEAE Strychnos nuxvomica L. Frequent. Chitrakonda The paste of seeds is applied in Conjunctivitis. Local name: Kuchila BORAGINACEAE Heliotropium
indicum L. Frequent. Khairaput The juice of fresh leaf is given as an antidote for poisons consumed. Local name: Hathisundha Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Br. Frequent. Govindpalli Fresh leaves are smeared with mustard oil, slightly warmed and applied as poultice in joint pains. Local name:
Hetamundia CONVOLVULACEAE Evolvulus alsinoides (L.)L. Frequent. Boipariguda The juice of fresh root mixed in honey is given to children in cough. Local name:
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Common. Govindpalli The juice of leaves is given in jaundice. Local name: Kalum Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Frequent. Chitrakonda The paste of a single seed is given in Filaria. Local name: Omari CUSCUTACEAE Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Frequent. K. Gumma The powder of wholeplant is applied externally to check bleeding. Local name: Nirmuli SOLANACEAE Physalis minima L. Frequent. Pujariguda The juice of wholeplant is added to local brew to enhance its intoxicating properties. Local name: Phuttika Solanum virginianum L. Frequent. Kalimela Fruit is dried, burnt to ash and applied in the carries teeth. Local name: Chokkada bheji SCROPHULARIACEAE Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell Frequent. Boipariguda The juice of wholeplant is given in Jaundice. Local name: Jala Brahmi Scoparia dulcis L. Common. Kothapalli The juice of leaves is administered internally in Spermatorrhoea. Local name: Bona gajari BIGNONIACEAE Stereospermum suaveolens (Roxb.) DC. Frequent. Kalimela The decoction of bark is given to check blood in urine. Local name: Padhel ACANTHACEAE Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees. Frequent. Kadamguda The water-extract of whole plant isused to wash the effected part in skin troubles. Local name: Chiraita Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine Common. Mudlipoda Leaf is eaten as vegetable to counteract Anaemia. Local name: Konta dattura Justicia adhatoda L. Planted. Bondapoda The water extract of root with a little honey is given in Asthama. Local name: Basanga VERBENACEAE Lantana camara L. Common. Kadamguda Stem is used as tooth brush for sparkling bright tooth. Local name: Kukurdanti Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl. Common. Boipariguda Leaves are bruised and applied locally with force to check bleeding from fresh cuts. Local name: Koraputtia Vitex peduncularis Wall.ex Schauer Frequent. Chitrkonda The water extract of leaves is given in Malarial fevers. Local name: Chedaigudi LAMIACEAE Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Common. Bonda Hills The expressed juice of fresh leaf is applied locally to check bleeding. Bruised leaves are rubbed locally to check itching. Local name: Gondri Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link Common. Khairaput The juice of leaf is applied is scorpion sting. Local name: Goiso NYCTAGINACEAE Boerhavia diffusa L. Common. Govindpalli The decoction of root is given in burning micturition. Local name: Puruni AMARANTHACEAE Achyranthes aspera L. Common. Tuseipoda The leaf juice is given internally in Leucorrhoea. Local name: Ginisar Amaranthus spinosus L. Common. Bonda Hills. The juice of leaves is applied locally in snake-bite. Local name: Kontamariso ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Aristolochia indica L. Rare. Chilipadar The juice of fresh root is given in snake-bite. Local name: Iswar LAURACEAE Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) Robins. Frequent. Bonda Hills The juice/resin of stem bark is applied daily to cure chronic wounds. Local name: Debsonda EUPHORBIACEAE Acalypha indica L. Common. Dasmandpur Leaf juice is used as nasal drops in head ache. Local name: Nakkachona Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth.ex Hook.f. Common. Balimela The juice of bark is applied externally in snake-bite. Local name: Korda Euphorbia ligularia Roxb. Planted. Chingdaguda Latex is applied on the sides of the eyes to remove infections. A bunch of leaves is dipped in mustard oil, warmed and applied externally in stomach ache. Local name: Thua Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Frequent. Govindpalli The paste of leaves is applied locally in Filaria. Local name: Jejhang Ricinus communis L. Frequent. Bondapoda The paste of root is applied in piles. Local name: Joda MORACEAE Ficus
benghalensis L. Frequent. Boipariguda The bark powder with equal quantity of the root powder of Withania somnifera is taken with milk for vigour. Local name: Bor Ficus hispida L.f. Common: Koyagiri The latex mixed in water is administred to children suffering from Diarrhoea. Local name: Balu dimri ORCHIDACEAE Vanda tessellata (Roxb.)Hk. ex G. Don. Common. Chitrakonda The powder of wholeplant is used in Rheumatism. Local name:Rasna ZINGIBERACEAE Costus speciosus (Koen.) Sm. Frequent. Bonda Hills The juice of rhizome is given in snake-bite. Local name: Keukonda Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. Frequent. Kalimela The powder of the tuber is mixed in hot water and taken internally in Diarrhoea. Local name: Palua DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea bulbifera L. Common. Bonda Hills After prolonged boiling the tubers are eaten. Local name:Pitta alu LILIACEAE Asparagus racemosus Willd. Frequent. Dasmandpur The juice of tubers with a little honey is given in Spermatorrhoea. Local name: Deodani Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth Frequent. Chitrakonda The paste of bulb is applied externally in joint pains. Local name: Bona piaz SMILACACEAE Smilax zeylanica L. Frequent. Bonda poda The paste of root is given internally in dysentery. Local name: Mootri CYPERACEAE Cyperus rotundus L. Frequent. Boipariguda The powder of tuber is taken regularly to check indigestion. Local name: Matha ARECACEAE Caryota urens L. Frequent. Mudulipoda The country liquor ‘Solopo’ tapped from this tree is given for 30 days to check Spermatorrhoea.Local name: Solopo POACEAE Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. Frequent. Bondaghats The decoction of leaves is taken in severe colds. Local name: Dhanantri Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. Frequent. Kalimela The powder of root with honey is use as a tonic. Local name: Chhona ghas GNETACEAE Gnetum ula Brongn. Frequent. Bonda ghats Fruit is roasted and eaten in Rheumatism. Local name: Lolorimal THELYPTERIDACEAE Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey &Jermy Frequent. Bonda Hills Young frond is eaten as sag. Local name: Kokkodi REFERENCES
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