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Ethnobotanical Leaflets 11: 122-140. 2007.
Ethnobotanical Exploration of Malkangiri District of Orissa, India
A.B. Prusti1 and K.K.Behera2
1P.N. College, Khurda-752057 (Orissa) India E-mail: [email protected] 2Ph.D.Scholar, P.G.Dept.of Botany, Utkal University, Vanivihar (Bhubaneswar) India. E-mail:[email protected]
Issued 19 July 2007
ABSTRACT
The association of man with the neighborhood flora starts with human civilization. Besides food, feed clothes and shelter, plants are important source of drugs. These plants or its parts therefore used either directly or after processing by the native people against various diseases, disorders and ailments. A survey was conducted on the tribal district of Malkangiri of Orissa to identify and record various ethno medicinally important plants and their medicinal uses. In the present investigation there are 134 species of plants belong to 69 families and 128 genera are recorded and used in various ailments by different tribes of Malkangiri district of Orissa.
INTRODUCTION
Ethnobotany is an age-old process starting from human civilization .The present paper deals with the result of exploration of ethnomedicinally important taxa growing in the tribal locality of Malkanagiri district.The district is named after its headquarters town Malkangiri .During formation of Orissa Province in 1936 Malkangiri was a "Taluk" of Nabrangpur sub-division of Koraput District of Orissa.In 1962 it was upgraded to a subdivision of Koraput district. The present Malkangiri district got its identity as an independent district due to reorganizations of districts of Orissa as per notification on 1st October,1992 with effect from 2nd October 1992, an area of 5,791 sq.kms out of which 31.96% is covered with forest. This district of Orissa is one of the remotest places in the country. The general topography of the area under study comprises the hilly region and a flat plain. A strip along the eastern boundary takes in the Ghats which uphold the 3,000 foot plateau and the valley of Machkund which flows through this wild and remote country and lies between 17° 45'N to 18° 40'N latitudes and 81° 10'E to 82°E longitude. The district is divided into two distinct physical divisions. (Anonymous.1989, 1996, 1948-72).The eastern part is covered with steep Ghats, Plateaues, Valleys sparsely inhabited by primitive tribes notable among whom are Bondas,Koyas,Porajas and Didayis.The total population of the district is 504,198 out of which107,654 are Scheduled Caste and 28,833 are Scheduled tribes (According to 2001 Census). The rest of the district is comparatively flat plain broken by a number of rocky wooded hills. Almost the whole of the district is a vast dense jungle. Potteru, Saberi, Sileru, Kolab and Machhakunda are the main rivers flowing in the district. The climate in the district is generally cold in the winter and hot in the summer with temperature ranging from 13°C to 47°C. The average annual rainfall is about 1700mm.Relative humidity is generally high especially in the monsoon and post-monsoon months. During the rainy season it becomes impassably swampy and heavy floods isolate it from the outer world. It lies within the malaria prone belt. During the ethno-botanical study among the tribes of the district the following information has been colleted. Frequency, locality of collection and local names of plants have been given for each species. Regarding the folklore claims mostly such information has been gathered from local ‘Baids is given in this paper and the information does not seem to have been recorded in the works of Chopra et al. (1956, 1969), Dastur (1951, 1961) and Wealth of India (1948-1972).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ethnobotanical surveys have been carried out in various tribal pockets of Malkangiri district. First hand information on ethnomedicinal plants were collected in the field and confirm through the tribal healers their location in various forest patches .The plants are arranged family wise followed by botanical name of the plant, locality,ethnomedicinal use in briefs and local name (Warrier,P.K.et al.1993) .The voucher specimen have been deposited in the herbarium of Departments of Botany of P.N. College,(Autonomous) Khurda-752057 ,Orissa,India.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION Malkangiri is one of the tribal rich districts of Orissa famous for its Bonda a primitive tribe which are unique in their ethno cultural heritage and far from the modern civilization and mostly depend on the forest and forest produce for their livelihood including the other tribes.Malkangiri is one of the richest botanical treasures in Orissa is under intense biotic pressure owing to forest fire , practice of podu cultivation by the tribal groups ,over exploitation of medicinal plants for drugs and conversion of forest to agricultural lands. These factors of degradation result not only in the depletion of certain valuable interesting medicinal taxa but also leads to substantial reduction in the density and genetic diversity of forest cover. (Tiwari et al, 1999). This rapid damage to natural habitats, thus threatning the very survival of several indigenous species. The present investigation is carried out by the intensive field exploration and interaction with the tribal people for nearly three years to identify the ethnomedicinal plants and their uses. The data when crosschecked with the published literature, it was found that most of the uses are either less known or not recoded earlier. During the survey 134 species belong to 128 genera and 69 families have been collected ,critically studied and mentioned in the paper. The present study was unique in nature so far as the information is concerned. All the medicinal herbs reported in the paper are being employed as herbal drugs in various pharmaceutical preparations. During the study it is observed that the family Fabaceae are dominantly used by the tribals to cure their various ailments followed by Asteracea, Malvacea and Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae and Mimosaceae, Apocyanaceae, Acanthaceae, Verbenaceae, Menispermaceae,Sterculiaceae,Tilliaceae, Convolvulaceae, Caesalpiniacea, Moraceae, Zingiberaceae, Amaranthaceae, Lamiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Boraginaceae, Ascleiadaceae, Mollaginaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Combretaceae, Rhamnaceae, Meliaceae, Rutaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Cleomaceae, Dillieneaceae and others. It is also found that their are certain species which are discontinuous in distribution and presently occur in the scheduled habitats which are rather becoming endangered/rare either on account of habitat loss or any other factors. So this study will help conserve and to restore the genetic diversity of medicinal plants which are immense potential in indigenous system of Indian medicines.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors wishes to acknowledge to the University Grants Commission for providing financial support as Minor Research Project (Xth Plan) and also thankful to the Principal, P.N. College, Khurda (Orissa) and K.S .Murty ,C.R.I(Ay.),Bhubaneswar-751009.for their kind help and co-operation. . DILLENIACEAE
Dillenia aurea Sm. Frequent. Chitrakonda. The paste of stem bark is applied to expel worms from wound sores of cattle. Local name: Kermetta
Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. Frequent. Koiguda Flowers are eaten as vegetable. Local name: Raayi
ANNONACEAE
Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Sinclair Rare. Govindpalli Ripe fruit is eaten. Local name: Gondhasala
MENISPERMACEAE
Cissampelos pareira L. Common. Govindapalli The paste of the leaves is given to produce sterility in females. Local name: Dindanimada
Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels Common. Borigumma The juice of leaves is given in bilious derangements. Local name: Musakani
Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hk.f. & Th. Frequent. Khairaput The juice of ripe fruits with a little honey is given to children in colds. Local name: Guluchilota
PAPAVERACEAE
Argemone mexicana L. Common. Borigumma The latex of stem is applied externally to cure wounds of Leprosy. Local name: Khurokonta
CLEOMACEAE
Cleome gynandra L. Common. Kadamguda The paste of the leaves is applied on the forehead to remove headache. Local name: Balakutni
Cleome rutidosperma DC. Common. Kalyaguda Tender leaves are eaten as ‘sag’. Local name: Anasorisho
VIOLACEAE
Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.v.Muell. Frequent. Koyagiri The paste of fresh root is given in Spermatorrhoea/Menorrhagia. Local name: Madanmast
FLACOURTIACEAE
Casearia graveolens Dalz. Common. Govindpalli Oil extracted from the seeds is used as cooking medium. Local name: Khirchi
Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Frequent. Koyaguda The paste of raw fruit together with a pinch of salt is given in indigestion. Local name: Konta baincho
PITTOSPORACEAE Pittosporum wightii A.K. Mukherjee Frequent. Kattapada, on way to Koyaguda The paste of bark is given on empty stomach to reduce sexual urge in males. Local name: Debasunda
CARYOPHYLLACEAE Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. Rare. Chingdaguda The paste of wholeplant is applied externally to boils to burst open. Local name: Pasanbhed
PORTULACACEAE
Portulaca pilosa L. Common. Boipariguda The plant paste is applied externally in burns. Local name: Luniya
DIPTEROCARPACEAE
Shorea robusta Gaertn.f. Common. Boipariguda The powder of resin is mixed in water and taken to check Diarrhoea due to indigestion. Local name: Rengali
BOMBACACEAE
Bombax ceiba L. Frequent. Chitrakonda The juice of bark mixed in a little honey is given internally in Anaemia. Local name: Semuli
MALVACEAE
Abelmoschus crinitus Wall. Frequent. Boipariguda The fresh root is eaten raw. Local name: Bonabhendi
Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Frequent. Dasmandpur The juice of fresh leaves is applied on chronic wounds. Local name: Pedipedika
Kydia calycina Roxb. Common. Borigumma The paste of stem bark is mixed in mustard oil, slightly warmed and applied externally in sprains. Local name: Kapasia
Sida cordata (Burm.f.) Borss. Common. Sirimillia The paste of fresh root is used in bleeding piles. Local name: Biskopri
Sida rhombifolia L. Common. Mathili The water extract of root is given as an anti-inflammatory. Local name: Bajromuli
STERCULIACEAE
Byttneria herbacea Roxb. Frequent. Boipariguda The paste of wholeplant is used in fracture of limbs. Local name: Samarkai
Helicteres isora L. Common. Bonda Hills The water extract of root is given in empty stomach to expel intestinal worms in children. Local name: Alti
Pterospermum xylocarpum (Gaertn.) Sant & Wagh. Frequent. Balimela The powder of flowers is smoked as tabacco for mild sedation. Local name: Muchukunda
TILIACEAE
Corchorus aestuans L. Frequent. Dasmandpur The paste of seeds is given together with warm cow milk to relieve congestion in chest. Local name: Budanolita
Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. Frequent. Bonda Hills Ripe fruits are eaten. Local name: Damana
Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz. Common. Bonda Hills The powder of flowers mixed in honey is taken to reduce fevers. Local name: San kavatimal
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
Tribulus terrestris L. Frequent. Pujariguda The powder of fruits is mixed in water and taken to check Diarrhoea. Local name: Gokra
OXALIDACEAE Oxalis corniculata L. Frequent. Boipariguda The paste of whole plant is applied locally in insect bites for immediate relief from burning sensation. Local name: Amblit
RUTACEAE Atlantia monophylla (L.) Corr. Frequent. Kalimela The stem of the plant is advised as a hand stick for patients of Rheunatism. Local name: Narguni
Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. Common. Boipariguda The juice of fresh leaves is given to children to expel intestinal worms in cattle. Local name: Chouldua
MELIACEAE
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Frequent. Kudumulaguma The water extract of bark is given in sexually transmitted diseases. Local name: Nimba
Toona ciliata Roem. Frequent. On way to Koyagiri from Malkangiri The water extract of stem bark is given in fevers. Local name: Mahalimb
RHAMNACEAE
Ventilago entatecal Willd. Frequent. Bonda Hills The paste of root is used in blood Dysentary. Local name: Pitchuli
Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Frequent. Dasmandpur The juice of fresh leaves is given in Jaundice. Local name: Borkoli
VITACEAE
Ampelocissus tomentosa (Roth.) Planch Frequent. K. Gumma The root paste is applied externally in bone fracture and bandaged for healing. Local name: Katabhonganoi
SAPINDACEAE
Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Frequent. Bonda Hills The juice of leaves is applied externally to check blending due to cuts. Local name: Kan phuta
ANACARDIACEAE
Buchanania lanzan Spr. Common. Boipariguda The powder of stem bark is used to heal wounds. Local name: Charo
FABACEAE
Abrus precatorius L. Common. Kudumulagumma The powder of seeds together with old ‘gur’ is given to terminate pregnancy upto 3 months. Local name: Runjo
Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth Common. Koyaguda The juice of leaf is given in Jaundice. Local name: Ashar
Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. Frequent. Chitrakonda The water extract of root is given in cough and cold. Local name:Salpani
Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Common. Bonda Hills. The paste of wholeplant is applied externally to check bleeding due to cuts and head the wound subsequently. Local name: Kansisra
Erythrina indica Lam. Frequent. Kalyaguda The juice of leaf is given to children for its vermicidal properties. Local name: Pauladua
Flemingia nana Roxb. Frequent. Bonda Hills The paste of fresh root is added in ‘Soloppo’ (Toddy of Caryota urens) to increase its enhancing properties. Local name: Jikdikanda
Milletia extensa (Benth.) Baker Frequent. Bonda Hills The paste of fresh root is given to check blood dysentery and water extract of root is given in malaria Local name: Marda, Majja ,Birchi
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. Rare. Govindpalli Seeds are roasted, dehusked and used as pulses. Local name: Dumahirma
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Common. Chitrakonda The juice of root is swallowed to subside stomach ache. Local name: Kolathi ponhra
CAESALPINIACEAE
Bauhinia vahlii Wt& Arn. Frequent. Bonda Hills The seeds are roasted on fire, dehusked and eaten. Local name: Siali
Cassia fistula L. Frequent. Pujariguda The paste of seeds is given in low B.P. Local name: Sunart
Tamarindus indica L. Common. Sirimilla The ash of bark is given in hyperacidity. Local name: Thenthuli
MIMOSACEAE
Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn.ex. Benth. Planted. Govindpalli The paste of leaf is used as a stupefying agent. Local name: Akasia
Acacia polycantha Willd. Frequent. Chitrakonda The juice of fresh bark mixed in sweetened milk is given to terminate pregnancy upto 3 months. Local name: Gohereu
Entada rheedii Spr. Rare. Manjariguda The paste of seed is applied externally in snake-bite. Local name: Hanuman lota
Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub. Frequent. Bonda Hills Raw seeds are relished as vegetable. Local name: Kongra
COMBRETACEAE Combretum roxburghii Spr. Common. Govindpalli The ash of mature leaves is used externally in skin troubles. Local name: Atundi
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.ex DC.) Wt. & Arn. Common. Indravati The fresh bark is chewed and the juice swallowed as an antacid. Local name: Arjun
MYRTACEAE
Psidium guajava L. Planted. Govindpalli The paste of immature fruit is used to check loose motions. Local name: Pijuli
LECYTHIDACEAE
Careya arborea Roxb. Frequent. Bonda Hills The paste of fresh bark is applied to cuts and wounds. Local name: Kumbi
LYTHRACEAE
Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz. Frequent. Dasmandpur The paste of root is given to terminate pregnancy. Local name: Dhataki
ONAGRACEAE
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven Common. Baliguda The paste of wholeplant is applied externally in Eczema. Local name: Agnijaal
CUCURBITACEAE
Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Common. Kodamguda The juice of fresh leaves is used as ear drops to subside ear ache. Local name: Kunduru
Momordica charantia L. Planted. Kadamguda The paste of seven leaves is given daily on empty stomach in Diabetes. Local name: Kolara
MOLLUGINACEAE Glinus lotoides L. Rare. Boipariguda The water extract of wholeplant is given to control fever. Local name: Luduru
Trianthema portulacastrum L. Frequent. Chingdaguda Leaf is eaten as vegetable. Local name: Puruni
APIACEAE
Cuminum cyminum L. Planted. Boipariguda Seeds are chewed together with a little sugar in aphthous ulcers in mouth. Local name: Jeera
ALANGIACEAE
Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang. Common. Bonda Hills The juice of leaf is applied in snake-bite. Local name:Dhol anku
RUBIACEAE
Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A. Rich.ex Walp. Rare. Bonda Hills The juice of fresh bark is given in cardiac ailments. Local name: Kadamba
Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng. Common. Chitrakonda Immature fruits are eaten as vegetable to overcome gastric problems. Local name: Kurdu
Paederia foetida L. Frequent. Malkangiri The paste of leaf is given in empty stomach to cure low back pain. Local name: Pasaruni
Tamilnadia uliginosa (Retz.) Tirveng. & Sastre Frequent. Koyaguda Raw fruits are eaten as vegetable. Local name: Kumudmara
ASTERACEAE
Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. King & H. Robins. Common. Chitrakonda The juice of fresh leaves is applied externally to check bleeding from fresh cuts. Local name:Poksunga
Elephantopus scaber L. Common. Boipariguda The juice of fresh root is given for 40 days to for conception in women. Local name: Mayurchulia
Enydra fluctuans Lour. Rare. Boipariguda Leaf is eaten as vegetable to reckon Anaemia. Local name: Hidimich sag
Spilanthes paniculata Wall.ex DC. Root is chewed and the juice thus obtained is swallowed to check tooth ache. Local name: Madachhod
Sphaeranthus indicus L. Common. Malkangiri Leaf is cooked together with rice and eaten to check rheumatic pains. Local name: Gondri
Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. Frequent. Kalyaguda The paste of seeds is given to check stomach ache. Local name: Gondri
Xanthium strumarium L. Common. Sirimilla The paste of root is applied externally to heal wounds. Local name: Kothu
MYRSINACEAE
Ardisia solanacea Roxb. Rare. Chitrakonda The juice of ripe fruits is used as eye drops in Conjunctivitis. Local name: Kunti
SAPOTACEAE
Madhuca indica Gmel. Common. Koyaguda The seed oil is applied all over the body daily for a healthy skin. Local name: Mohuli
EBENACEAE
Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Common. Mathili Ripe fruit is eaten check Diarrhoea. Local name: Kendu
OLEACEAE
Nyctanthes arbortristis L. Frequent. Kudumulagumma The juice of fresh leaves mixed in honey is given internally in Malarial fever. Local name: Gongasiuli
APOCYNACEAE
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Frequent. Bonda Hills The paste of stem bark is warmed and applied locally in dog bite. Local name: Chatyana
Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold Planted. Kalimela Leaves are smeared with mustard oil, warmed and applied joints in rheumatic pains. Local name: Koniari
Holarrhena pubescens Wall.ex G. Don. Frequent. Khairaput Latex is mixed in country liquors for de addiction. Local name: Kurmi
PERIPLOCACEAE
Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. & Shult. Rare. Khairaput Latex is applied locally to check bleeding from fresh cuts. Local name: Khraloha
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Calotropis gigantea R. Br. Common. Malkangiri Milky latex is applied in Eczema. Local name: Arko
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. Frequent. Kalimela The juice of stem is given for abortion. Local name: Utrali
LOGANIACEAE
Strychnos nuxvomica L. Frequent. Chitrakonda The paste of seeds is applied in Conjunctivitis. Local name: Kuchila
BORAGINACEAE
Heliotropium indicum L. Frequent. Khairaput The juice of fresh leaf is given as an antidote for poisons consumed. Local name: Hathisundha
Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Br. Frequent. Govindpalli Fresh leaves are smeared with mustard oil, slightly warmed and applied as poultice in joint pains. Local name: Hetamundia
CONVOLVULACEAE
Evolvulus alsinoides (L.)L. Frequent. Boipariguda The juice of fresh root mixed in honey is given to children in cough. Local name: Krishna onkranta
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Common. Govindpalli The juice of leaves is given in jaundice. Local name: Kalum
Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Frequent. Chitrakonda The paste of a single seed is given in Filaria. Local name: Omari
CUSCUTACEAE
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Frequent. K. Gumma The powder of wholeplant is applied externally to check bleeding. Local name: Nirmuli
SOLANACEAE
Physalis minima L. Frequent. Pujariguda The juice of wholeplant is added to local brew to enhance its intoxicating properties. Local name: Phuttika
Solanum virginianum L. Frequent. Kalimela Fruit is dried, burnt to ash and applied in the carries teeth. Local name: Chokkada bheji
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell Frequent. Boipariguda The juice of wholeplant is given in Jaundice. Local name: Jala Brahmi
Scoparia dulcis L. Common. Kothapalli The juice of leaves is administered internally in Spermatorrhoea. Local name: Bona gajari
BIGNONIACEAE
Stereospermum suaveolens (Roxb.) DC. Frequent. Kalimela The decoction of bark is given to check blood in urine. Local name: Padhel
ACANTHACEAE
Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees. Frequent. Kadamguda The water-extract of whole plant isused to wash the effected part in skin troubles. Local name: Chiraita
Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine Common. Mudlipoda Leaf is eaten as vegetable to counteract Anaemia. Local name: Konta dattura
Justicia adhatoda L. Planted. Bondapoda The water extract of root with a little honey is given in Asthama. Local name: Basanga
VERBENACEAE
Lantana camara L. Common. Kadamguda Stem is used as tooth brush for sparkling bright tooth. Local name: Kukurdanti
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl. Common. Boipariguda Leaves are bruised and applied locally with force to check bleeding from fresh cuts. Local name: Koraputtia
Vitex peduncularis Wall.ex Schauer Frequent. Chitrkonda The water extract of leaves is given in Malarial fevers. Local name: Chedaigudi
LAMIACEAE
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Common. Bonda Hills The expressed juice of fresh leaf is applied locally to check bleeding. Bruised leaves are rubbed locally to check itching. Local name: Gondri
Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link Common. Khairaput The juice of leaf is applied is scorpion sting. Local name: Goiso
NYCTAGINACEAE
Boerhavia diffusa L. Common. Govindpalli The decoction of root is given in burning micturition. Local name: Puruni
AMARANTHACEAE
Achyranthes aspera L. Common. Tuseipoda The leaf juice is given internally in Leucorrhoea. Local name: Ginisar
Amaranthus spinosus L. Common. Bonda Hills. The juice of leaves is applied locally in snake-bite. Local name: Kontamariso
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
Aristolochia indica L. Rare. Chilipadar The juice of fresh root is given in snake-bite. Local name: Iswar
LAURACEAE
Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) Robins. Frequent. Bonda Hills The juice/resin of stem bark is applied daily to cure chronic wounds. Local name: Debsonda
EUPHORBIACEAE
Acalypha indica L. Common. Dasmandpur Leaf juice is used as nasal drops in head ache. Local name: Nakkachona
Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Benth.ex Hook.f. Common. Balimela The juice of bark is applied externally in snake-bite. Local name: Korda
Euphorbia ligularia Roxb. Planted. Chingdaguda Latex is applied on the sides of the eyes to remove infections. A bunch of leaves is dipped in mustard oil, warmed and applied externally in stomach ache. Local name: Thua
Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Frequent. Govindpalli The paste of leaves is applied locally in Filaria. Local name: Jejhang
Ricinus communis L. Frequent. Bondapoda The paste of root is applied in piles. Local name: Joda
MORACEAE
Ficus benghalensis L. Frequent. Boipariguda The bark powder with equal quantity of the root powder of Withania somnifera is taken with milk for vigour. Local name: Bor
Ficus hispida L.f. Common: Koyagiri The latex mixed in water is administred to children suffering from Diarrhoea. Local name: Balu dimri
ORCHIDACEAE
Vanda tessellata (Roxb.)Hk. ex G. Don. Common. Chitrakonda The powder of wholeplant is used in Rheumatism. Local name:Rasna
ZINGIBERACEAE
Costus speciosus (Koen.) Sm. Frequent. Bonda Hills The juice of rhizome is given in snake-bite. Local name: Keukonda
Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. Frequent. Kalimela The powder of the tuber is mixed in hot water and taken internally in Diarrhoea. Local name: Palua
DIOSCOREACEAE
Dioscorea bulbifera L. Common. Bonda Hills After prolonged boiling the tubers are eaten. Local name:Pitta alu
LILIACEAE
Asparagus racemosus Willd. Frequent. Dasmandpur The juice of tubers with a little honey is given in Spermatorrhoea. Local name: Deodani
Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth Frequent. Chitrakonda The paste of bulb is applied externally in joint pains. Local name: Bona piaz
SMILACACEAE
Smilax zeylanica L. Frequent. Bonda poda The paste of root is given internally in dysentery. Local name: Mootri
CYPERACEAE
Cyperus rotundus L. Frequent. Boipariguda The powder of tuber is taken regularly to check indigestion. Local name: Matha
ARECACEAE
Caryota urens L. Frequent. Mudulipoda The country liquor ‘Solopo’ tapped from this tree is given for 30 days to check Spermatorrhoea.Local name: Solopo
POACEAE
Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. Frequent. Bondaghats The decoction of leaves is taken in severe colds. Local name: Dhanantri
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. Frequent. Kalimela The powder of root with honey is use as a tonic. Local name: Chhona ghas
GNETACEAE
Gnetum ula Brongn. Frequent. Bonda ghats Fruit is roasted and eaten in Rheumatism. Local name: Lolorimal
THELYPTERIDACEAE
Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey &Jermy Frequent. Bonda Hills Young frond is eaten as sag. Local name: Kokkodi
REFERENCES
Anonymous. 1989. Medico-Botnical Exploration of Puri District, Orissa, CCRAS, New Delhi.
Anonymous. 1996. Medico-Botanical Exploration of Phulbani and Koraput District of Orissa.
Anonymous. 1948-72. Wealth of India (Raw materials), 9 vols. C.S.I.R., New Delhi.
Chopra, R.N., S.I., Nayar & T.G. Chopra. 1966. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. New Delhi.
___________, I.C. Chopra & O.S. Varma. 1969. Supplement to Glossary of India Medicinal Plants, New Delhi.
Dastur, J.F. 1951. Useful Plants of India and Pakistan, Bombay.
______, 1951. Medicinal Plants of India and Pakistan, Bombay.
Saxena, H.O., & Brahmam, M. 1994-96. The Flora of Orissa (4 vols.).
Tiawari et al. 1999. References of Orissa Enterprising publisher ,an India State of Eastern Region, Bhubaneswar Orissa, India.pp-8.
Warrier,P.K.et al. 1993. Indian medicinal plants. .Orient Longman publisher Vol.1-5.
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