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Ethnobotanical
Leaflets 10: 139-148. 2006. Ethnobotanical Survey on Respiratory Disorders in K. N. Reddy* C.S. Reddy** and G. Trimurthulu Plant Taxonomy Division, Laila Impex Research Centre,
Unit-I, Phase- **Forestry & Ecology Division, National
Remote Sensing Agency, Balanagar, *Corresponding
author Email: reddykamasaninr@rediffmail.com †Laila Impex Communication # 21 Issued Abstract
An Ethnopharmacological
survey of the Eastern Ghats region of Andhra
Pradesh, comprising Chittoor, Cuddapah,
East Godavari, Guntur, Khammam, Krishna, Kurnool, Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Vijayanagaram and the West Godavari
districts, was conducted during 2000-2005.
Eighty-four species of folk drug plants belonging to 72 genera and 41
families were found to be used as a remedy for respiratory disorders by the
rural people and forest ethnic people (Chenchus, Erukulas, Lambadas, Koyas, Kondareddies, Nukadoras, Yanadis). The scientific, vernacular and family names
of these medicinal plants, along with the parts used and the mode of their
administration are enumerated. Key Words: Ethnobotany,
Respiratory disorders, 1. Introduction The respiratory system
includes the lungs and a system of tubes that link the sites of gas exchange
with the external environment. It is
susceptible to a number of diseases, and the lungs are prone to a wide range
of disorders caused by pollutants in the air.
The most common problems of the respiratory system are: asthma,
bronchitis, common cold, cough and whooping cough. Asthma is a condition marked by recurrent
attacks of paroxysmal dyspnoea, with wheezing, due
to spasmodic contraction of bronchi, inflammation or allergy (Subhash Ranade et al.1999). In The Present paper provides
additional folklore information on 84 Angiosperms that belong to 72 genera
and 41 families. Of these, the Asclepiadaceae and Papilionaceae are the dominant
families, with six ethnomedicinal species each. 2. Material
& Methods The information on plants
used for treating respiratory disorders of folklore origin were obtained
during the course of ethnopharmacological surveys
of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh conducted in
2000-2003. For this purpose, local
medicine men and elderly people whose empirical knowledge was respected by
every one in the area were interviewed.
Data on local name of folk drug plants, part used, method of
preparation, dosage recommended, and precautions (if any) were recorded for
each medicinal claim. Medicine men
were requested to accompany the senior author in the field so as to
facilitate the identification of different plant drugs specially employed by
them to treat the disease. The
information was also discussed with different medicine men in other localities
to validate the claims as far as possible.
Based on the information and material provided by medicine men, the
weight measurements in dosage forms were determined by using a scale in
either the field or camp. Names of all
key informants were noted and are available on request. Botanical specimens of all folk drug plants
were collected, identified and deposited at the herbarium of Laila Impex R & D Centre, 3. Enumerations The information collected on ethnobotanic
medicine employed for respiratory disorders in Eastern Ghats
of Andhra Pradesh by the local tribal inhabitants and herbal practitioners is
presented under the scientific names of the plants, which are alphabetically
arranged. The author citation, name of family, vernacular names, collection
number and medicinal uses are set in sequence. Asthma
1. Acacia pennata (Linn.)
Willd. (Mimosaceae) ‘Korintha’ LIH 6521 Fresh stem sap sucked once daily until cured. 2.
Achyranthes aspera Linn.
(Amaranthaceae) ‘Korruchu’
LIH 6623 A pinch of the plant is mixed with
sufficient quantity of honey and taken twice daily until cured. 3. Aegle marmelos (Linn.)
Correa (Rutaceae) ‘Maaredu’ LIH 6537 Four tender tips are chewed and the sap swallowed once daily for 40 days. 4.
Annona squamosa Linn.
(Annonaceae) ‘Seethapalamu’
LIH 6798 One tea-cup of water is poured over five gm. of stem bark and 5 crushed leaves, and boiled until only ½ cup remains. This extract is taken once daily for a fortnight. 5.*Anogeissus latifolia ( Two to three
inches of stem bark are chewed and the sap is swallowed once daily until
cured. 6.*Barleria cristata Linn.(Acanthaceae)‘Chikati
koora’,‘Chikati raaju’ LIH 6572 Four to five gm. of dry leaf powder is taken once daily until cured. 7. Bauhinia variegata Linn.(Caesalpiniaceae)‘Devakanchanum’ LIH
6669 A teaspoon of flower paste is taken twice daily for a fortnight. 8. Benkera malabarica(Lam.)
Triveng. (Rubiaceae) ‘Pedeli’, ‘Tella guvvangi’ LIH 6549 Fifty gm. of
the stem bark of this species plus that of Syzygium cumini (Linn.) Skeels
(Naeredu, Jinna chettu) are crushed with 3-4 peppers and mixed in a liter
of water. Forty to fifty ml. of this
extract is taken once daily until cured. 9.Bridelia retusa (Linn) Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae)
‘Kora Manau’, Anepu chettu’ LIH 6562. The stem bark
of this species along with that of Terminalia bellrica and the roots of Adiantum lunulatum Burm.(Pitta kaalu) are crushed in
equal proportions and taken in a size of red gram once daily for three
months. 10. Caesalpinia bonduc Linn. ( Caesalpiniaceae) ‘Gacha’
LIH 6502 Four to five gm. of seed powder are taken with honey twice daily for 2-3 months. 11. Calotropis gigantea (Linn.)
R.Br. (Asclepiadaceae) ‘Jillaedu’
LIH 6515 Five to six drops of flower extract are administered once
daily until cured. 12. Cassia fistula Linn.
(Caesalpiniaceae) ‘Rela’, ‘Rella’ LIH 6548 Eight to ten
gm. of fresh fruit pulp is administered twice daily for 3-4 months. 13.
*Chloroxylon swietenia DC. (Flindersiaceae) ‘Billudu’ LIH 6728 Twenty to
thirty gm. of fresh stem bark are crushed with 1-2
leaves of Wrightia tinctoria and
6-7 peppers. The extract is boiled and a half teaspoon of this decoction is
taken twice daily for 2-3 months. 14. Cissus quadrangularis
Linn. (Vitaceae)
‘Nalleru’
LIH 6678 One to two inches of dry
stem are crushed with 2-3 peppers and garlic. The extract is taken once daily for two
months. 15.
Cissus vitiginea Linn.
(Vitaceae) ‘Aavaguda’ LIH 6813 Four to five
teaspoons of dry fruits are crushed with 2-3 inches of Chloroxylon swietenia DC. (Billudu)
stem bark. A teaspoon of this extract is administered with a glass of goat
milk once daily until cured. 16. Cleome gynandra Linn.
(Cleomaceae) ‘Vaminta’ LIH 6560 Twelve to fifteen leaves
are crushed with 8-10 peppers and pinch of copper sulphate
and boiled in a glass of water. A half glass of this extract is taken once
daily until cured. 17.Clerodendurim
serratum Linn. Moon (Verbenaceae) ‘Gantu bharagi’ LIH 6503 Two to three teaspoons of a
root decoction of this species is taken with a pinch of black pepper and salt
once daily until cured. 18. Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottler)
C.B. Clarke (Cucurbitaceae) ‘Pamudonda’, ‘Naaga Sarum’ LIH 6514 A
teaspoon of tuber paste is administered once daily for 45 days. 19. Datura metel Linn.
(Solanaceae) ‘Nallumetta’ LIH 6631 Five to ten
gm. of stem powder is placed on Ficus benghalensis Linn. (Marri chettu) leaves, which are then wrapped and smoked in the
form of a cigar once daily until cured. 20.
Dendrophthoe falcata (Linn.f.) Ettiughs. (Loranthacease) ‘Badanika’ LIH 6738 Ten to twelve
gm. of stem bark powder is taken twice daily for one month. 21. * Desmodium biarticulatum (Linn.) F.V. Muell. (Papilionaceae) LIH 6550 Powder from
the whole plant is burnt and the smoke inhaled twice daily until cured. 22. Desmodium gangeticum (Linn.)
DC. (Papilionaceae) ‘Dayyam jada’ LIH
6505 A
half cup of root decoction is taken once daily for 2-3 months. 23.
Euphorbia hirta
Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) ‘Chitti Paala’, ‘Reddivaari nanubaalu’ LIH 6836 Two to three teaspoons of
a decoction of the whole plant is
taken once daily until cured. 24. Garuga pinnata Roxh.
(Burseraceae) ‘Garugu’ LIH
6565 The leaves of
this species along with those of Justicia adhatoda and Vitex negundo are crushed in equal quantities, made into
pills the size of pigeon peas and taken twice daily until cured. 25. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.
(Malvaceac) ‘Mandaara’ LIH 6517 Many
pure red colored petals of the flower are crushed in a half cup of butter
milk, 2-3 black peppers and a pinch of salt. The paste is taken as a chutney once daily for 1 month. 26. Justicia adhatoda Linn.
(Acanthaceae) ‘Addasarum’ LIH 6740 A
half teaspoon of fresh leaf juice is taken once daily until cured. 27.
Morinda pubescens J.E.Smith (Rubiaceae) ‘Chekka Chettu’, ‘Togari mogli’ LIH 6563 Twenty to
twenty-five ml. of the stem bark of this species is extracted and administered
once daily for 1 month. 28. Pegularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. (Asclepiadaceae) ‘Juttupu tiga’ LIH 6528. Two to three
leaves of this species are crushed along with those of Wrightia inctoria, piper longum
Linn. (Pippallu) and Allium sativum (Vellulli
paya). One-half teaspoon of this extract is taken
once daily until cured. 29. Solanum anguivi Lam. (Solanacease) ‘Vaakudu’,
‘Tella mulaka’, ‘Apa chettu’ LIH 6575 One to two
teaspoons of powder gtound from the whole plant is
taken with honey once daily for a fortnight. 30. Solanum surattense Burm.f.
(Solanaceae) ‘Naela vaakudu’, ‘Naela mulaka’ LIH 6764. A teaspoon of root powder
mixed with a pinch of pepper powder and fried zinger is taken with honey once
daily until cured. A teaspoon of fruit paste can also be taken with goat milk twice daily for
three months. 31. Tylophora Indica (Burm.f.)
Merr. (Asclepiadacease) ‘Mekameyani aku’ LIH 6558 One to two tender leaves are chewed and the sap swallowed in an empty stomach in early morning once daily until cured. Two to three leaves may also be crushed with 1-2 peppers and garlic. This extract is taken once daily for 2-3 months. 32.
Wrightia tinctoria R.Br.
(Apocynaceae) ‘Tedla paala’, ‘Reppaala, Palavara’ LIH 6546 Three to four
drops of leaf juice are applied as nasal drops once daily until cured. Bronchitis
1.*Abutilon
hirtum (Lam.) Sweet (Malvaceae) ‘ One to two
teaspoons of the leaf decoction of this species is taken once daily for one
whole week 2.
Barleria prionitis Linn.
(Acanthaceae) ‘Mulla gorinta’ LIH 6526. Two to three
teaspoons of the root decoction from this species are taken twice daily for
one whole week 3.
Clerodendrum serratum (Linn.)
Moon (Verbenaceae) ‘Gantu bharangi’ LIH 6814. Five to six gm. of leaf
powder of this species are mixed with a sufficient
quantity of zinger paste. This extract is taken once daily until cured. 4.
Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl.& Willd.)
CB.Clarke ‘Paamu donda’ LIH 6793 A teaspoon of
tuber paste from this species is taken once daily until cured. 5.
Melia azedarach Linn.
(Meliacease)
‘Turka vepa’ LIH 6593 Two to three handfuls of
the steamed leaves of this species are tied on the abdomen and chest twice
daily until cured. 6. Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn.
(Lamiaceae) ‘Tulsi’ LIH 6509 Ten to twelve
ml. of leaf juice from this species are taken daily for one whole week. 7. Tinospora malabarica (Lam.) Miers
(Menispermaceae) ‘Kodipurru
chettu’ LIH 6541. One to two inches of fresh stems from this species are crushed with 3-4 salt crystals Cold and Cough 1.*Anisochilus carnosus (Linn.f.)
Wall. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) ‘Kodipunju chettu’ LIH 6504 Two teaspoons of extract from the tender shoots of this species are
administered twice daily for 3 days. 2. Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) R.Br.
(Asclepiadaceae) ‘Jilledu’ LIH 6515 Four to five drops of a
flower extract from this species are administered twice daily for 3-4 days. 3.
Careya arborea Roxb. (Barringtoniaceae) ‘ Tharrepu chettu’ LIH 6542 Two
to three inches of stem bark from this species are crushed with 2-3 peppers.
This mixture is administered with honey once daily for 3 days. 4. Cissampelos pareira Linn.
(Menispermaceae) ‘Banka tiga’, ‘Chiruboddi’ LIH 6581 Four to five inches of the
roots of this species are crushed with a plant of Androprahis panichulata (Burm.f.) Nees
(Nelavemu) and the fruits of Balanites roxburghii planch.
(Gaare chettu) (10-12 gm.
each). This extract is taken once daily for one whole week. 5.
Evolvulus alsinoides (Linn.)
Linn. (Convolvulaceae) ‘Vishnukrantha’
LIH 6511 Fifteen ml. of a decoction
made from a whole plant of this species is administered thrice a day for
three days. 6.* Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. (Rutaceae)
‘Gilugu’ LIH 6516 Two
teaspoons of a decoction made from the stem bark of this species are
administered with a pinch of pepper powder twice daily for three days. 7. Helicteres isora Linn. (Sterculiaceae)
‘Nultada, Adavi Chamanti’ LIH 6552 The stem bark of this
species along with that of Tamilnadia uliginosa (Retz.) Tirveng. (Kantula chettu) and a whole
plant of Bacopa monnieri Wettst. (Sambrani chettu) (10 gm. each) are burnt, and the smoke inhaled
once daily for three days. 8. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.
(Anacardiaceae) ‘Gumpena’ LIH 6583. The fruit of this species is chewed with common salt. The sap is then swallowed twice daily for two days. 9. Leuas aspera (Willd.)Link (Lamiaceace) ‘Tummi kKura’ LIH 6506 Five
to six inches of the roots pf this species are crushed with pinch of zinger,
musk and pepper. This extract is administered twice a day for 3-4days. 10. Mukia maderaspatana (Linn.) Roem. (Cucurbitaceace) ‘Chedupulla’ LIH 6567 An
extract made up from a fistful of the whole plant of this species crushed
with 10-12 gm. of zinger, pepper and a pinch (or half teaspoon) of musk is
administered twice a day for three days. 11. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd) Miers ex Hook. f. & Thoms. (Menispermaceae) ‘Tippa tiga’ LIH 6834 A half cup of the decoction made from the stem of this species is administered once daily for three days. 12. Trachyspermum ammi (Linn.) Sprague (Apiaceae) ‘Kapparilla aku’ LIH 6560 13. Vitex negundo Linn. (Verbenaceae)
‘Vavili’ LIH 6601 The dry leaves of this species are burnt and the smoke is inhaled twice daily. Also, the slightly warmed leaves of this species may be placed on the forehead of a sick person until cured. 14. Ziziphus oenoplia (Linn.) Mill. (Rhamnaceae) ‘Pariki’ LIH 6535 Five to six fresh leaves of this species are chewed with a pinch of zinger, and the sap swallowed twice a day for three days. Cough 1.* Alysicarpus vaginalis (Linn.) DC. (Papilionaceae) ‘Musaraaku’ LIH 6561 One teaspoon of the root powder of this species is mixed with a pinch of pepper powder and common salt. This mixture is administered twice a day for 3-4 days. 2.*Anisochilus carnosus (Linn.f.) Wall. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) ‘Pedda gandhara’ LIH 6850 One to two teaspoons of an
extract made from the tender tips of this species are administered once daily
for three days. 3. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. (Meliaceae)
‘Vepa’ LIH 6577 Five to six leaves of this
species are crushed with 1-2 peppers and the extract is administered once daily for three days. 4. Caralluma adscendens (Roxb) Haw. (Asclepidaceae) ‘ Kundetikommulu’ LIH 6539 Two to three inches of the stem of this species are crushed with a sufficient quantity of pepper, zinger and salt, and the extract administered twice a day for two days. 5. Careya arborea Roxb.(Barringtoniaceae) ‘Tharrepu chettu’ LIH 6542 Two to three inches of the stem bark of this species are crushed with 2-3 peppers, and the mixture taken with honey once daily for five days. 6.*Celosia argentea Linn. var. cristata
(Linn.) O.Kuntze (Amaranthaceae) ‘Seetammajada’ LIH 6584 Five to six gm. of the seeds of this species are crushed with 1-2 peppers and garlic. This extract is administered twice a day for three days. 7. Cissus quadrangularis Linn. (Vitaceae) ‘Nalleru’ LIH 6586 Two to three inches of the tender shoots of this species are crushed with a pinch of cumin and pepper, and the extract administered once daily for three days. 8. Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrad. ( Cucurbitaceae) ‘Yerri pucha’ LIH 6571 The roots of this species together with those of Tylophora indica and
the leaves of Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.) Muell. 9. Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. (Dilleniaceae) ‘Revadi’ LIH 6520 One to two inches of the stem bark from this species are crushed with a pinch of common salt. This extract is administered once daily for three days. 10. Evolvulus alsinoides (Linn.) (Convolvulaceae) ‘Vishnukrantha’ LIH 6587 Ten to fifteen ml. of a
decoction made from the whole plant of this species are taken 2-3 times a
day. 11. Grewia tiliaefolia Vahl. (Tiliaceae)
‘Tada’ LIH 6674 Four to five teaspoons of a decoction made from the stem bark of this species are administered once daily for 2-3 days. 12. Justicia adhatoda Linn.
(Acanthaceae) ‘Addasaram’ LIH
6591 A
half teaspoon of powder from the dry leaves of this species is taken with
honey once daily for five days. 13. Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn.(Lamiaceae) ‘Tulasi’ LIH 6828 Two teaspoons of leaf juice from this species is mixed with an equal quantity of onion juice and a pinch of salt. This mixture is administered once daily for three days. 14. Sarcostemma acidum (Roxb.)
Voigt (Asclepiadaceae)
‘Atukudu tiga’ LIH 6519 Twenty to twenty-five fresh leaves of this species are chewed with 3-4 pieces of rock salt. This sap is swallowed once daily for five days. 15. Sesbania grandiflora (Linn.) Poiret (Papilionaceae) ‘Avishe’ LIH 6533 Four to five gm. of a paste
made from the seeds of this species are administered
twice a day for three days. 16. Solanum surattense Burm.f.
(Solanaceae) ‘Nelamulka’,
‘Nelavaakudu’ LIH 6588 Fifty ml. of a decoction
made from the roots of this species are administered twice a day for three
days. 17. Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) Pers. (Papilionaceae) ‘Vempali’ LIH 6529 A. B. A fistful of the leaves of this species are crushed with a sufficient quantity of pepper and garlic. This extract is fed to cattle once daily for five days. 18. Terminalia chebula Retz.
(Combretaceae) ‘Karaka’ LIH 6518 A
half teaspoon of powder made from the fruit of this species is taken with
honey once daily for one whole week. 19. Tylophora indica (Burm.f.) Merr. (Asclepiadaceae) ‘Mekameyaniaku’ LIH 6684 Two to three tender fresh leaves of this species are crushed with 1-2 peppers. This extract is administered once daily for 2-3 days. 20. Zizphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. (Rhamnaceae) ‘Gotti’ LIH 6521 One to two inches of the fresh stem bark of this species are chewed with 1-2 peppers, and the sap swallowed once daily for five days. Whooping cough
1. Achranthes aspera Linn. (Amaranthaceae) ‘Uttareni’ LIH 6710 Twenty to thirty gm. of a dry plant powder from this species are crushed with 2-3 peppers and pinch of musk. This extract is administered twice a day for one whole week. 2. Albizia odoratissima (Linn.f.) Benth. (Mimosaceae) ‘Chinduga’ LIH 6547 A fistful of fresh leaves from this species are crushed with a sufficient quantity of pepper, garlic and salt, and the mixture fried in a sufficient quantity of cow ghee. This extract is taken twice a day for two days. 3. Ardisia solanacea Roxb.
(Myrsinaceae) ‘Chavalakura’,
‘Kondamamidi’ LIH 6557 Five to six inches of the
peeled tender fresh stems of this species are chewed twice daily for three
days. 4. Butea monsperma (Lam.) Taubert (Papipionaceae) ‘Moduga’ LIH 6562 The ash from one seed of this species is taken with ¼ teaspoon of honey once daily (at bedtime) for three days. 5. Cassia occidentalis
Linn.(Caesalpiniaceae) ‘Kasinda, Adavi chennagi’ LIH 6580 The roots of this species along with those of Capparis zeylanica Linn. (Adonda) (10-15 gm each.) are crushed with 5-6 peppers and a pinch of jaggery. This mixture is administered twice a day for three days. 6. Cassia tora Linn. (Caesalpiniaceae)
‘Tagarisha, Tanthem’ LIH 6524 Ten gr. of the fresh root
paste of this species are administered along with 1-2 peppers twice daily for
three days. 7. Euphorbia tirucalli Linn. (Euphobiaceae) ‘Gundujemudu’ LIH 6756 The leaves of this species
are chewed with raw salt. This sap is swallowed twice daily until the patient
is cured. 8. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn.(Nyctanthaceae) ‘Jaji, Paarijaatham’ LIH 6782 One to two leaves of this species are chewed and the sap is swallowed once daily until the patient is cured. Alternatively, the leaves of this species along with the fruits of Terminalia chebula and the stem bark of Anogeissus latifolia are crushed in equal quantities, and are made into pills the size of pigeon peas. These are taken twice daily for one whole week. 9. Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. (Asclepiadaceae) ‘Juttupaaku’ LIH 6822 The tender tips of this species are crushed with those of Melia azadarach and ocimum tenuiflorium (100 gm. each), along with 12-15 peppers and garlic. One teaspoon of this extract is administered twice a day for one whole week. 10. Solanum americanum Miller (Solanaceae) ‘Kamanch’ LIH 6885 Twenty to thirty ml. of the leaf juice of this species are taken with a sufficient quantity of sugar once daily until cured. 11. *Solanum pubescens Willd. (Solanaceae) ‘Usthi’ LIH 6553 A
half teaspoon of a
decoction made from the stem bark of this species is administered with 3-4 gm. of pepper powder
once daily for a fortnight. 12. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertner) Roxb.
(Combretaceae) ‘Taani,Taandra’ LIH 6554 One teaspoon of powder made from the fruit pulp of this species is taken with a pinch of turmeric twice daily for one whole week. 13. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook.f. & Thoms. (Menispermaceae) ‘ Tippa tiga’ LIH 6819 Fifty gr. of the roots of this species together with an equal quantity of the roots of Hemidesmus indicus (Linn.) R.Br. (Aaavu sugandhi paala), Gmelina asiatica Linn. (Chudru kaaya) and Celastrus paniculatus Willd. (Maneru tiga), are crushed with 10 gm. of asafetida and black cumin. The paste is then slightly warmed in an earthen pot and made into small pills that resemble jowar seeds. Four to five pills are then taken once daily for a fortnight. 4. Results & Discussions In the present work, 84 plants were studied that could
offer some active ingredients for respiratory problems. Usually a single drug was used except in 15
cases. The medicine is prepared from leaves (31), stem and stem bark (25),
root and tuber (19), flower, fruit and seed (12), whole plant (8) and stem
sap (1). The plant species represent 72 genera and 41 families, consisting of
29 trees, 11 shrubs, 17 climbers (climbing shrubs, rambling shrubs,
straggling shrubs, woody climbers and climbers), 10
under shrubs, 15 herbs, 1 epiphyte and 1 fern. The tribes depend (34.52%) on
trees for their herbal drugs. The identified taxa
with promising medicinal properties, as reported by local tribes, are
presented alphabetically along with information like family name, locality,
accession number and mode of administration.
The findings of the present study require further
research and pharmacological validation.
Species first time reported as a remedy for respiratory disorders are
marked with an asterisk (*). Acknowledgements The authors thank Sri G. Ganga Raju, Chairman and Mr. G.
Rama Raju, Director, Laila Impex, for their
encouragement, Professor Vatsavaya S. Raju, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Dr. K. Hemadri,
advisor to Taxonomy division, Laila Impex, for their helpful discussions and Andhra Pradesh
Forest Department personnel for their assistance during the fieldwork. References Aruneekumar & Niteswar, K. 1990. Medicinal plants of Hemadri, K. 1987. Andhra Pradeshlo Vanamulikalu. Chemiloids, Hemadri, K. 1994. Shastravettalanu Akarshistunna Girijana Vaidyam, Prasad, V.K., Rajagopal, T.,
Kant, Y & Badarinath, K.V.S. 1999. Food Plants
of Kondareddis of Rampa
Agency. Raju, M.S. 1995. Unreportd medicinal uses of some plants of Reddy, M.B., Reddy, K.R & Reddy, M.N. 1988. A
survey of plants
of Chenchu tribes of Ranade subhash,
Ranade sunanda & Paranjape, M.H. 1999. Ayurvedic
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