Ethnobotanical Leaflets 13: 329-31. 2009.
Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal
Anthelmintic Preparation
Chaturvedi
M.1*; Dwivedi S. 2; Dwivedi A. 3 ;Barpete
P.K. 4 and Sachan R. 5
1GRY College of Pharmcy,
Khargone, M.P.-India
2Chordia Institute of Pharmacy, Indore, M.P.-India
3NRI Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhopal, M.P.-India
4Malhotra College of Pharmacy, Bhopal, M.P.-India
5Dept. of Pharmaceutics, VNS College of Pharmacy, Bhopal, M.P.-India
* Corresponding Author
Issued 15 February 2009
ABSTRACT
����������� The
present study was done with the aim to formulate an anthelmintic
preparation and to evaluate anthelmintic activity
of formulation containing traditionally user herbs viz., Plumbago
zeylanica (leaves), Hyoscyamus
niger
(roots) and Abultion indicum
(leaves) using adult earthworm Pheritima posthuma. The aqueous and ethanolic
extract of the crude drug of different concentration were tested which
involve determination of paralysis time and time to kill the worms. Piperazine citrate was used as standard and it was found
that the PHFEE activity is higher than PHFAE.
Key-Words:
Anthelmintic activity, Piperazine citrate, Earthworm, Polyherbal
formulation aqueous extract (PHFAE), Polyherbal
formulation ethanolic extract (PHFEE).
INTRODUCTION
����������� Helminthic
infections are now being recognized as cause of many acute as well as chronic
ill healths among the various human beings as well
as cattle�s. More than half of the population of the world suffers from
infection of one or the other and majority of cattle�s suffers from worm
infections.1 Traditional system of medicine reports the efficacy
of several natural plants in eliminating worms2, keeping this view
the present work was conceived by us to evaluate the anthelmintic
activity of polyherbal formulation.
MATERIAL AND
METHODS
Collection of Plant Materials
����������� The plants Plumbago
zeylanica (leaves), Hyoscyamus
niger (roots) and Abultion
indicum (leaves)� were collected from the local villagers of Rewa District of Madhya Pradesh, India during july-sep 2008 and then authentified
and confirmed by Dr. S. N. Dwivedi, Head,
Department of Botany, Janata PG College, A.P.S.
University, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India. The plant
parts after collection were shade dried, powdered (40 mesh size) to get a
coarse powder.
Preparation of Extract
����������� The dried powder material of Plumbago zeylanica
(leaves): 50 gm, Hyoscyamus niger
(roots):100 gm and Abultion indicum (leaves): 50 gm,
were thoroughly mixed, taken in 1 lit. beaker and
distill water in sufficient quantity was added, then it was kept for
maceration for 72 hours. The aqueous extract obtained was filtered and
concentrated on hot plate. The ethanolic extract
were obtained by soxhlet extraction process, the
extract obtained was filtered and concentrated.
Experimental Model
����������� Adult earthworm (Phertima prosthuma) were
collected (due to its anatomical and physiological resemblance with the
intestinal roundworm parasites of human being) from
moist soil, obtained from Agriculture College Rewa, M.P.-India and washed out of sand. Four groups of
approximately equal size earthworms (8+1 cm) consisting of six earthworms in
each group were used for the present study.3,4.5
Standard Drug
����������� Piperazine citrate is taken as standard drug and the
concentration of the standard drug was prepared in 1% normal saline to
obtained 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 gm% concentration.
Test Drug
����������� The
PHF extract (both aqueous and ethanolic) were
prepared in minimum quantity of distill water and diluted to 15 ml with
normal saline to obtained 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 gm% concentration.
Anthelmintic
Investigation
����������� Four groups of approximately equal
size earthworms consisting of six earthworms in each group were used for the
present study. Group first serve as control, receive only normal saline;
Group second serve as test-1, receive PHFAE; Group third serve as test-2,
receive PHFEE and Group four serve as standard, receive standard drug piperazine citrate of different concentration.
Observations were made for the time taken to paralysis and death of
individual worms. Paralysis was said to occur when the worms do not revive
even in normal saline. Death was concluded when the worms lost their motality followed with fading away of their body color.5,6,7
Statistical analysis
����������� The results were analysed for stastical
significance using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett�s �t� test and
are� presented in (Table 1).
RESULTS AND
CONCLUSIONS
����������� The PHF of aqueous (PHFAE) and ethnolic (PHFEE) extracts showed significant anthelmintic activity. The result of anthelmintic
activity of PHF on earthworms phertima
prosthuma were given in Table 1.� It was concluded from the present study
that the PHFEE of Plumbago zeylanica
(leaves), Hyoscyamus niger
(roots) and Abultion indicum
(leaves) showed marked and potent anthelmintic
activity than the PHFAE of Plumbago zeylanica (leaves),
Hyoscyamus niger
(roots) and Abultion indicum
(leaves) as compared to standard drug. Therefore, it was further concluded
that the mixture of these three herbs will leads to the preparation which will
effectively kill the worms and serves as a better anthelmintic
preparations.
Table
1: Anthelmintic activity of PHF.
S/N
|
TREATMENT
|
CONC. (gm %)
|
PARALYSIS TIME (min.)
|
DEATH TIME (min.)
|
1.
|
Control
|
0.5
0.75
1.0
|
-
-
-
|
-
-
-
|
1.
|
Test
Drug -1 (PHFAE)
|
0.5
0.75
1.0
|
60+0.85
40+0.52
25+0.36
|
106+1.15
80+0.93
55+0.67
|
2.
|
Test
Drug -2 (PHFEE)
|
0.5
0.75
1.0
|
70+0.96
40+0.85
30+0.78
|
115+1.07
85+0.1.15
70+0.88
|
3.
|
Standard
Drug
(Piperazine citrate)
|
0.5
0.75
1.0
|
43+0.65
30+0.59
23+0.41
|
90+1.42
70+0.97
50+1.10
|
Results expressed as Mean + SEM from 6 observations, p<0.001 as
compared to standard.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
����������� Authors are thankful to Dr. S. N. Dwivedi for the identification of plants and also thankful
to the Principal, Chordia Institute of Pharmacy, Indore M.P. for providing the facility in the institute.
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