|
Ethnobotanical Leaflets 13: 1312-27, 2009.
Veterinary
Ethnomedicinal Plants in Uttarakhand Himalayan Region, India
�
Priti Kumari1&3, Bibhesh
K. Singh2, Girish C. Joshi3*, Lalit
M. Tewari1
1Department
of Botany, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital-263002(Uttarakhand) India
2Department
of Chemistry, Govt. Postgraduate College,
Ranikhet-263645(Uttarakhand)India
3Regional
Research Institute (Ayurveda), Central Council for Research in Ayurveda &
Siddha, Tarikhet,Ranikhet(Uttarakhand)-263663(India)
*E-mail:pritiksingh78@yahoo.com
Issued October 01, 2009�����
�
Abstract
Drug research has enriched human life
in many ways. The health care and resulting social and economic benefits of
new drugs to society are most remarkable, are quite well recognized. Drug
research has been the driving force for many basic scientific developments,
such as that of many new synthetic methods, of the understanding of the
physiology and pharmacology of biological systems and has contributed much
too molecular recognition. The Uttarakhand Himalayas have a great wealth of
medicinal plants and traditional medicinal knowledge. The
medicinal plant that has been widely used as veterinary ethno-medicine in
Uttarakhand region has been studied.�
These do not either occur elsewhere or have not so far been exploited
commercially. Attempts have been made to explore the new possible species
having medicinal importance especially for veterinary and to grow them in
suitable areas so as to meet national industrial demands. The present paper
deals with the traditional uses of 100 plant species employed in
ethno-medicine and ethno-veterinary
practice in Uttarakhand.
Key Words: Ethno-Medicinal Plants, Traditional
knowledge, Uttarakhand Himalaya, Veterinary.
Introduction
������� The Himalayas
have a great wealth of medicinal plants and traditional medicinal knowledge.
The Central Himalayan Region covers the new state of India, provides
excellent opportunities for studying the Traditional Knowledge Systems. The
Indian Himalayan region alone supports about 18,440 species of plants
(Angiosperms: 8000 spp., Gymnosperm: 44 spp., Pteridophytes: 600 spp.,
Bryophytes: 1736 spp., Lichens: 1159 spp. and Fungi: 6900 spp.) of which
about 45% are having medicinal properties. According to Samant et al.,
out of the total species of vascular plants, 1748 spp. species are medicinal.
Uttarakhand is a storehouse of a rich variety
herbs and medicinal and aromatic plant species. The Government intends to
exploit this advantage. Uttarakhand has observed an increase in the
area under cultivation of aromatic and medicinal plants. The number of
farmers engaged in cultivation of aromatic plants in Uttarakhand has dramatically
increased from 301 in 2003-04 to 2714 in 2006-2007 and the area under
aromatic plants has increased ten fold.
Traditional Knowledge
������� United Nations University proposal
defines Traditional Knowledge System (TKS) as "Traditional Knowledge or
'local knowledge' is a record of human achievement in comprehending the
complexities of life and survival in often unfriendly environments.
Traditional knowledge may be technical, social, organizational, or cultural
was obtained as part of the great human experiment of survival and
development." Traditional knowledge provides the basis for
problem-solving strategies for local communities, especially the poor.
Traditional Himalayan medicine is a good example of TKS, which has affected
the lives of poor people around the globe. TKS is of particular relevance to
the poor in the following sectors: agriculture, animal husbandry and ethnic
veterinary medicine, management of natural resources, primary health care
(PHC) and preventive medicine, psycho-social care, saving and lending,
community development, poverty alleviation, etc. According to an estimate of
the World Health Organization, approximately 80% of the people in developing
countries depend on traditional medicine for primary health care needs; a major
portion of these involves the use of medicinal plants.
������� The Traditional Himalayan Medicine
System (THMS) is a living example of TKS where small communities fight even
incurable diseases through the traditional methods. They also cure their
animals through these traditional methods. These traditional methods are
totally oral and non-documented. They use generally herbal products like
resin, bark, root, leaves, fruits etc., minerals, animal products and tantric
practices. For millennia human societies have been depending on plants and
plant products for various remedies. In certain areas these folk medical
prescriptions are endemic and have survived through ages from one generation
to the next through the word of mouth. They do not exist as written knowledge.
Generally these systems of medicine depend on old people's experiences.
Indigenous systems of medicine are specially conditioned by the cultural
heritage and myths.
History of medicine
������� Search for drugs to improve the
quality of life and cure diseases has been a part of human life right from
its beginning. In many of the well developed ancient civilizations this
knowledge was evaluated, codified, recorded and formed an essential part of
the texts of their traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda in India. Drug research is a
well structured and organized endeavor. The starting point of the story of
modern era of drug research could actually be the observation by Paul Ehrlich
around the turn of last century that dye stuffs stain some cells selectively
and destroy them. He exploited this idea and increased the toxicity of a dye
towards a pathogen by introducing a toxic element like arsenic leading to the
antisyphilis agent �salvarasan� in 1907, the first designed drug and coined
the word �chemotherapy� for this selective toxic action of chemicals on
parasites. The search for Domagk for azo dyes that might be effective
antibacterial agents ultimately/resulted in 1935 in the discovery of
prontosil which protected mice against lethal streptococcal infections
leading to widespread clinical use of a variety of sulphonamides for a wide
range of bacterial infections. This was the beginning of the modern era of
chemotherapy. The discovery of the powerful antimicrobial activity of a
�penicillium notatum� by Flaming in 1928, followed by isolation by Florey in
early 1940�s highlighted the microbes as an important source of new drugs and
of molecular diversity, and the interest in this resource has continued
unabated ever since. The demonstration in early 1950s of the tranquillising
and hypotensive activity of Reserpine obtained from �Rauwolfia Sepentina� a
drug commonly used in traditional systems of medicine for insanity, focussed
attention on plant especially those used in traditional system of medicines.
Himalayan Therapies
�������
In Uttarakhand, people uses magico-religious therapies as Bhbhuti,
Tantra-mantra and Jagar to placate the local gods and supernatural powers but
in natural therapies , like Ayurveda they use herbal products. According to the
mode of application, the natural therapies have three categories:
1. Herbal products used in systematized system of medicine like Ayurveda,
Siddha.
2. Herbal products used in ethno-medicine or indigenous medicine like HMS
based on oral tradition.
3. Herbal products used in modern medicine, based on active chemical
principles of the herbal products.
Despite significance development of rural
health services, village people still use herbal folk medicines to a good
extent for treatment of common ailments like cough, cold and fever, headache
and body-ache, constipation and dysentery, burns, cuts and scalds, boils,
ulcers, skin diseases and respiratory troubles and others.
Figs. 1A and 1B: Elephants and Deer in
Jim-Corbet park at Uttarakhand(India).
Challenges
The hill districts of
Uttarakhand have tremendous potential. The vast natural resources add to the
state�s attractiveness as an investment destination, especially for tourism( Jim
Corbett park, Uttarakhand� is
especially rich with elephants� and
Dear (Fig. 1) and in agriculture and forest- based industries. Horses and
mules are the backbone of the rural transport system in Uttarakhand (Fig.2).
Sheep-rearing for wool can be good opportunity for alternative livelihood,
whereas Yak which is used for tourism in few districts of Uttrakhand.
Buffaloes are the main milch animals, contributing 62 per cent in milk
production.(State Focus Paper 2006-07, NABARD). Attempts should, therefore,
be made to explore the new possible species having medicinal importance
especially for veterinary and to grow them in suitable areas so as to meet
national demands. It is now well established that one major potential area,
amongst some others where botanist can make a positive contribution, in the
field of molecular medicines and drug research, is that of topological and
topographical analyses and system analysis. Development of such analyses
leads to a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of action of
biochemically important compounds, including their side effects.
Fig. 2: Horses are the backbone of
the rural transport system in Uttarakhand (India).
Discussion
Table includes the medicinal
plants that have been widely used as veterinary ethno-medicine in Uttarakhand
region.� Such aromatic plants which
occur locally in the Uttarakhand himalaya and their medicinal importance for
veterinary. These do not either occur elsewhere or have not so far been exploited
commercially.
������������������������� Table 1:
Ethno-Medicinal Plants used as Veterinary Medicine.
|
S. No�
|
Botanical
Name
|
Local
Name
|
Parts
Used
|
�� Uses
|
Mode of
treatment
|
|
1
|
Capsella bursa-pastoris, Moench.
|
Torighash
|
Whole� plant
|
For
Sikka Rog
|
Two
palmful whole plant decoction in water given two times for vigor
|
|
2
|
Cardamine impatiens, Linn.
|
�������� -
|
Whole�
plant
|
For Tantrka in calf
|
One
palmful whole plant decoction in one liter water given two times for vigor
|
|
3
|
Viola biflora, Linn.
|
Banpansa
|
Whole�
plant
|
�� In calf for heart &
faint problem
|
Two
palmful whole plant two times a day for attack. Three/four parts of two
palmful whole plant & a spoon honey given two times for heart &
skin� problem
|
|
4
|
Viola�
patrinii, DC
|
���� -
|
�� Root
|
For liver
|
Two
palmful root decoction in one liter water given two times for vigor
|
|
5
|
V.serpens, Wall.
|
��� -
|
�� Root
|
For Liver
|
Two
palmful root decoction in one liter water given three times with honey
|
|
6
|
Hypericum cernum,
|
Vaya, Culi
|
Whole�
plant
|
For Hoskins, For wound
|
Two
palmful whole plant decoction in one liter water given two times for vigor
|
|
7
|
Linum usitatissinum,Linn.
|
Alsi
|
Whole�
plant
|
For strength
|
Two
palmful whole plant decoction in 1& 1/4 liter water given two times for
strength
|
|
8
|
Melilotus alba, Lamk.
|
Banmethi
|
Whole�
plant
|
For stomach problem and Indigestion
|
One
palmful whole plant given three times in a day for vigor
|
|
9
|
Trifolium repens, Linn.
|
Garila
|
Whole�
plant
|
For� Satrika
|
Four
palmful whole plant given two times a day
|
|
10
|
Agrimonia pilosa, Ledeb.
|
Kafliya
|
Whole plant
|
For purification of blood
|
Half
palmful whole plant decoction� in
three/ four liter water given one fourth part with gur in morning
|
|
11
|
Fragaria vesca, Linn.
|
Pudalia Kafal
|
Leaf
|
To
protect abortion
|
Two
palmful leaves given daily
|
|
12
|
Potentilla argyrophylla,�������
|
Danti, Brajdanti
|
Leaf/Root
|
For stomach problem
|
One
palmful leaves/two matured root decoction in 3/4 liter water given thrice
in a day.
|
|
13
|
Rhamnus virgata, Roxb.
|
Chaitula
|
���� Fruit
|
In
Leg swelling
|
Five
matured fruit decoction in � liter water given� daily
|
|
14
|
Rosa moschata, Herrm.
|
Kunj pani
|
�� Fruit
|
For leucorrhea, bleeding, Pregnancy termination.
|
Two
palmful fruit with one spoon honey given daily
|
|
15
|
Rubus paniculatus,Sm.
|
Kala Hisalu(Kadula)
|
�� Leaf
|
In pregnancy
|
Two
palmful leaves decoction in � liter water given its one cup twice a day
|
|
16
|
R. lasiocarpus, Sm.
|
Kala Hisalu
|
Leaf
|
In pregnancy
|
Leaf
is useful for cow specially in pregnancy pain
|
|
17
|
Bergenia ciliata, Moench.
|
Silfhora
|
Root
|
For Hydrophobia
|
Two
palmful root decoction in � liter water given its one cup thrice a day
|
|
18
|
Ribes grossularia,Linn.
|
Caktu
|
Whole plant
|
For preventing abortion
|
One
palmful whole plant given daily
|
|
19
|
Punica granatum, Linn.
|
Darim
|
Skull of fruit
|
As antimicrobials
|
One
palmful� skull of fruit decoction in
� liter water given its one cup three times a day with� gur
|
|
20
|
Woodfordia floribunda, Salisb.
|
Dhow
|
Flower
|
As energy syrup
|
One
palmful dry flower decoction in water is useful for animals
|
|
21
|
Centella asiatica, (Linn.)Urban
|
Brahmi
|
Leaf
|
For brain fever
|
�Apply Paste of green leaves� on forehead during fever
|
|
22
|
Cuminum cyminum, L.
|
Jeera
|
Seed
|
For indigestion
|
One
palmful seed in � liter water given daily
|
|
23
|
Foeniculum vulgare, Mill.
|
Saup
|
Seed
|
For Hookworm
|
One
palmful seed in 1/8 liter water given�
before morning meal
|
|
24
|
Pimpinella diversifolia, Dc
|
Dhanjari
|
Seed
|
For Lactation
|
One
palmful seed� given daily
|
|
25
|
Abina cordifolia, Hook. F
|
Haldu
|
Bud& leaf
|
�For
Wound & fever
|
�Applying paste of new bud on the wound.
Decoction of leaves in � liter water given thrice a day in fever
|
|
26
|
Valeriana hardwichii, wall.
|
Samyo, Dhup
|
Root
|
For titaini
|
Four
matured root decoction� in two liter
water given � liter twice a day
|
|
27
|
Aesculus indica, Colebr.
|
Pangar
|
�����
Fruit
|
In stomach problem
|
One
palmful fruit decoction� in � liter
water given with gur
|
|
28
|
Artemisia maritime,Linn.
|
�������� -
|
� Bud/Leaf
|
For Indigestion
|
One
palmful bud/leaves decoction in one liter water given one cup daily
|
|
29
|
A. nilagirica, Pampanini.
|
Patti,Kunj
|
Whole Plant
|
For urinary tract infection
|
One
palmful whole body decoction in one liter water given� one cup with����������������������������������������������
gur
|
|
30
|
Artemisia parviflora, Roxb.
|
Patti, Dhopani
|
Leaf/ Bud
|
�For
round worm
|
One
palmful leaves/ bud decoction in a liter water given 1/8 liter in one hour
interval
|
|
31
|
A. sacrorum, Ladeb.
|
Kapar Patti,Jholpatti
|
Leaf/Bud
|
For hair fall
|
One� palmful leaves & bud decoction in two
liter� water given one cup� twice a daily
|
|
32
|
Senecio chrysanthemoides, DC.
|
Ratpatia
|
Whole plant
|
For skin disease
|
Two
palmful whole plant decoction in 3/4 liter water given one cup daily
|
|
33
|
S. rufinervis, DC.
|
������ -
|
�� Seed
|
For wound
|
Three
palmful seed given twice a daily
|
|
34
|
G. pretense, Linn.
|
Chalmori
|
Whole plant
|
In fever, urine problem, eye problem
|
Two
palmful whole plant decoction in 3 /4 liter water given� one spoon thrice daily
|
|
35
|
Tanacetum nubigenum, Wall.
|
������ -
|
Leaf/ Fruit
|
As energy syrup, anti microbes.
|
One
palmful leaves/ fruit decoction in one liter water given one
spoon with honey
|
|
36
|
Lobelia pyramidalis, Wall.
|
�Bran tambacoo
|
Whole Plant
|
For liver disease
|
Two
palmful whole body� decoction in 3 / 4
liter water given one spoon with honey thrice a daily
|
|
37
|
Anagallis arvensis, Linn.
|
Vish Khaparia
|
Fruit/Leaf
|
As pain killer
|
Two
palmful fruit/ leaves given daily
|
|
38
|
Primula denticulate, Smith.
|
Vish Khaparia
|
Fruit
|
In cough,
useful for mammary glands
|
Two
palmful flower given with gur
|
|
39
|
P. macrophylla, D. Don.
|
����� -
|
Whole Plant
|
As painkiller
|
This
plant works as painkiller
|
|
40
|
Holarrhena antidysenterica, Wall.
|
�Quiar, Indraw
|
� Seed
& bark
|
In fever, Gastric & dysentery
|
�One palmful powder of bark/ seed decoction
in one liter water given one cup with gur
|
|
41
|
Calotropis procera, R. Br.
|
Ank
|
Root
|
In indigestion
|
One
palmful powder of� root� decoction in one liter water given one cup
twice a day
|
|
42
|
Gentiana
tenella,(Roltb) H. Smith.
|
Kutuki, Katuwi
|
Fruit
|
In hysteria, In weakness
|
25g
of bark of fruits decoction in one liter water given� one cup with honey per day
|
|
43
|
Swertia purpurascens, Wall.
|
Ciraita
|
Whole Plant
|
In fever, In weak appetite.
|
Two
palmful whole plant decoction in one liter water given one cup thrice a day
|
|
44
|
Capsicum annum, Linn.
|
Khusane, Marac
|
Fruit
|
As oil massage.
|
One
palmful fruit decoction in three liter water gives one cup twice a day
|
|
45
|
Datura metal, Linn.
|
Dhatura
|
Seed
|
As pain killer (for external use only)
|
25g
roasted seed in one liter oil is used for massage
|
|
46
|
Hyoscyamus niger, Linn.
|
Bran juwan
|
Leaf & Seed
|
As pain killer
|
Paste
of leaves and seed is used as ointment
|
|
47
|
Digitalis purpurea,Linn.
|
Prawasit Degitelis tilpushpi
|
Leaf
|
In
burning
|
One
palmful leaves is roast with oil is used as ointment
|
|
48
|
Verbascum thapsus, Linn.
|
Akalvir
|
Leaf
|
In bronchitis
|
One
palmful leaves decoction in 3/4 liter water given one cup thrice a day
|
|
49
|
Clerodendrum infortunatum, Gaertn.
|
Aranyo
|
Bark
|
In Efra
|
Powdered
bark decoction in 2 liter water given one cup thrice a day
|
|
50
|
Ajuga parviflora, Benth.
|
Ratpatia
|
Whole plant
|
In arthritis
|
One
palmful whole plant decoction in 3/4 liter water given one cup daily
|
|
51
|
Mentha arvensis, Linn.
|
Pudina, Eliachi
|
Whole plant
|
In post pregnancy problems
|
Two
palmful whole plant decoction in a liter water given � part thrice a day
|
|
52
|
Ocimum sanctum, Linn.
|
Tulsi
|
Whole plant
|
In fever
|
Two
palmful whole plant� twice a day
|
|
53
|
Origanum vulgare, Linn.
|
Jangali tulsi
|
Whole plant
|
Indigestion
|
Four
palmful whole plant with fibrous food twice a day
|
|
54
|
Salvia lanata, Roxb.
|
Sania, Sunip
|
Whole plant
|
For vomiting, painkiller
|
Two
palmful whole plant with gur and fibrous food thrice a day
|
|
55
|
Scutellaria angulosa, Benth.
|
Karuijhar
|
Whole plant
|
In acidity
|
One
palmful whole plant� decoction in
�� liter� water given one spoon with honey thrice a
day
|
|
56
|
Thymus serpyllum, Linn.
|
Van ajmain
|
Whole plant
|
In chest pain
|
One
palmful whole plant decoction in � liter water given one cup twice a day
|
|
57
|
Plantago major, Linn.
|
Vrantank
|
Leaf
|
In Injury, teeth problem, fever
|
Paste
of leaves in water useful for injury & teeth pain. Two bunch of leaves
decoction in one liter water given 1/6 part thrice a day for fever
|
|
58
|
P. orata, Forsk.
|
Esabgol
|
Seed
|
In dysentery
|
One
palmful seed in � liter water makes a semisolid paste given� thrice a day
|
|
59
|
Boerhaavia diffusa, Linn.
|
Parnata
|
Leaf
|
In blood dysentery, In dropsy
|
Juice
of leaves thrice a day
|
|
60
|
Achyranthes aspera, Linn.
|
Chirchira
|
Whole plant
|
For teeth problem
|
One
palmful whole plant in � liter water is useful in teeth problem
|
|
61
|
A. bidentata, Blume.
|
Dansh
|
Root
|
As Laxative
|
One
palmful root decoction� in one liter
water given two times for vigor
|
|
62
|
Chenopodium album, Linn.
|
Bethuwa
|
Leaf/ seed
|
For worm
|
Two
palmful seed is given before�
breakfast
|
|
63
|
Rheum emodi, Wall.
|
Dolu, Archa
|
Root
|
For blood purification, for energy
|
One
matured root decoction in one liter water given three times for vigor
|
|
64
|
Rumex hastatus, D. Don
|
Bhilmora
|
Whole plant
|
For skin disease, In fever
|
One
palmful whole plant decoction in 3 / 4 liter water given one cup thrice a
day
|
|
65
|
Piper longum, L.
|
Pipal
|
fruit
|
In Low appetite, As oil massage
|
Powder
of fruit is useful for low appetite. Oil with powder massage is useful
|
|
66
|
Cinnamomum tamala, Ness.
|
Kiriya, karkiriya, Dalchini
|
Leaf
|
In stomach problem, in gastric problem
|
Powder
of Leaves and bark with half palmful fiber food is useful
|
|
67
|
Litsaea polyantha, Juss.
|
Cirira
|
Leaf
|
In injury
|
Powder
of bark & leaves in cold water as ointment
|
|
68
|
L. umbrosa, Ness.
|
Circira
|
Leaf
|
In bone injury
|
Paste
of leaves in water as ointment in bone injury
|
|
69
|
Viscum album, Linn.
|
Bana
|
Fruit
|
In pregnancy problem
|
Six
fruits with milk twice a day
|
|
70
|
Emblica officinalis,Gaertn.
|
Aula, Awla
|
Fruit
|
In eye disease/ good health
|
Two
palmful fruits powder with fibrous food
|
|
71
|
Euphorbia� prolifera, Buch. Ham.,ex.Don.
|
Duwila
|
Fruit
|
Used in dog bite
|
Powder
of fruit is useful
|
|
72
|
Mallotus philippinensis, Muell.
& Arg.
|
Roli, Kasela
|
Fruit
|
To
protect from worm
|
Fruit
extract with one palmful fibrous food is given once a day
|
|
73
|
Ricinus communis, Linn.
|
Erind
|
Leaf
|
For internal injury
|
Oil
of this plant is useful. Use of leaves in heat therapy
|
|
74
|
Betula utilis,Don.
|
Bhuj, Bhojpatra
|
Seed
|
To
protect from worm
|
Two
small pinch is useful
|
|
75
|
Quercus dilatata, Lindl.
|
� Banj
|
Bark
|
In dysentery
|
Two
palmful powder of bark decoction in one liter water� given one cup twice a day
|
|
76
|
Q. semecarpifolia, Sm.
|
���� -
|
Bark
|
In dysentery
|
Two
palmful bark powder decoction in one cup water given twice a day
|
|
77
|
Salix elegans, Wall.
|
Garbainsh
|
Fruit
|
In
rickets
|
Three
palmful fruits decoction in one liter water given one cup thrice a day
|
|
78
|
Ephedra gerardiana, Wall.
|
Gidjing
|
Stem
|
In pain
|
One
bunch of stem pieces decoction in 2 liter water given one cup in early morning
|
|
79
|
Juniperus communis ,Linn.
|
Jhora, khichiya
|
Fruit
|
In liver disease
|
Twelve
fruits daily
|
|
80
|
Abies webbiana, Lindl.
|
Raisal barmi radha
|
Bud
|
In Cough
|
One
palmful bud decoction in 3 liter water given thrice a day
|
|
81
|
Cassoa absus, Linn.
|
� Banar, Chakwar
|
Seed
|
In urine problem
|
One
palmful seeds decoction in � liter water given one cup thrice a day
|
|
82
|
Satyrium nepalense, D. Don.
|
��� -
|
Root
|
As tonic
|
Two
palmful roots decoction in 3 / 4 liter water given � �parts twice a day
|
|
83
|
�Zingiber officinals���������
|
Banhaldi
|
Root
|
Internal injury,� As anti worm
|
Paste
of root
|
|
84
|
Cureuma�
angustifolia, Roxb.
|
Banhaldi
|
Root
|
In gastric problem, anti worm
|
Paste
of root
|
|
85
|
Acorus calamus, Linn.
|
Banj
|
Root
|
Fever, pain
|
Two
matured root with fibrous food given daily
|
|
86
|
Allium stracheyi,Baker.
|
Jambu
|
Whole Plant
|
For stomach problem
|
Two
palmful whole plant given thrice a day
|
|
87
|
Allium wallichii, Kunth.
|
Jangali Lasun
|
Root
|
In infection
|
Two
node given daily
|
|
88
|
Asparagus racemosus, willd.
|
Kairuwa
|
Bud
|
In liver problem & To enhance
Lactation
|
One
palmful bud given twice a day
|
|
89
|
Aloe vera, Linn.
|
Patquar
|
Leaf
|
Stomach problem
|
Juice
of leaves given � cup a day
|
|
90
|
Adiantum venusthum,G. Don.
|
Hanshraj
|
Seed
|
For�
Chest problem and hair fall
|
One
palmful seed given with fibrous food
|
|
91
|
Equisetum arvense, Linn.
|
Horsetel
|
Whole plant
|
For urinary problem
|
Half
palmful whole plant decoction in one liter water given
|
|
92
|
Althaea officinalis, Linn.
|
Jangalihauli
|
Root
|
For termination of pregnancy
|
Three/
four matured root decoction in one liter water is given
|
|
93
|
Reinwardtia trigyna, Planch.
|
Pyuli
|
Root
|
In wound
|
One
bunch of root decoction in � liter water given one cup in a gap of two days
|
|
94
|
Tagetes arecta, Linn.
|
Hazari
|
Fruit
|
In vomiting, In healing wound
|
One
palmful fruit is given with fibrous food at the time of vomiting. Its external
use is in filling wound
|
|
95
|
Calendula officinalis, Linn.
|
Ganda(Tokar)
|
Leaf
|
In bleeding
|
Juice
of leaves is helping in bleeding
|
|
96
|
Atropa belladonna, Linn.
|
Dhatur Jahar
|
Leaf
|
In injury as pain killer
|
�Paste of one palmful leaves burns in oil
acts as ointment
|
|
97
|
Datura stramonium, Linn.
|
Dhatura
|
Leaf
|
In injury as pain killer
|
Paste
of one palmful leaves acts as ointment
|
|
98
|
Urtica dioica, Linn.
|
Sisauna
|
Leaf
|
Skin disease, For lactation
|
One
palmful leaves is given with fibrous food in 1h interval
|
|
99
|
Juglans regia, Linn.
|
Akhore
|
Leaf/ fruit
|
In stomach problem, As
anti worm
|
Two
palmful leaves or two green fruits decoction in 1 liter water is given one
cup with two spoon honey thrice a day
|
|
100
|
Hedychium spicatum,Ham.ex. Smith
|
Kapur Kachari
|
Root
|
For fever & cough
|
Root
is given with gur
|
|
101
|
Canna indica, Linn.
|
Kewara
|
Root
|
In disinterest, In afra
|
Powder
of one bunch of root is given with gur
|
|
102
|
Anemona
obtusiloba Don.
|
Kakaria
|
Leaf
|
In
sinus
|
�A cotton bud is made of Paste of leaves with
Ghee for cleaning sinus
|
|
103
|
Delphinium
denudatum, Wall
|
Nirwishi, Munel
|
Seed
|
In� tics
|
One
palmful seed decoction in � liter water is given
|
|
104
|
Aconitum
balfouria, stapf.
|
Bishjahar
|
Root
|
In
wound
|
One
matured root burns in one liter oil gives a ointment
|
|
105
|
Paeonia
emodi, Wall.
|
Bhoi Pawin
|
Root
|
In
stomach problem
|
One
matured root decoction in 3 / 4 liter water is given one cup with 100g gur
thrice a day
|
|
106
|
Berberis
aristata, DC
|
Kilmori
|
Root & stem
|
In
fever, weakness
|
One
palmful root/ stem decoction in � liter water given one cup daily
|
|
107
|
Fumaria
parviflora, Lamk.
|
Pitpapara
|
Whole plant
|
In
skin etching(disease)
|
One
palmful whole plant decoction in one liter is given
|
|
108
|
Brassica
napus, Linn.
|
Kali sarso
|
Seed
|
In
poor appetite
|
Two
palmful seed is given with fibrous food and gur twice a day
|
|
109
|
Geranium
ocellatum, Camb.
|
Bhiljari
|
Whole plant
|
As
insecticide
|
Four
whole plant with fibrous food twice a day. Powder of whole plant is given
as insecticide
|
|
110
|
Acacia
catechu, Wild.
|
Khair
|
Stem
|
In
Urine problem, dysentery
|
One
palmful stem decoction in � liter water given one cup four times a day
|
|
111
|
Butea
frondosa, Koen.
|
Dhank
|
Flower, Seed
|
As
painkiller
|
�Paste of flower and seed is given
|
��� Special emphasis is on R&D.
�An integrated action
plan has been drawn up for this purpose in coordination with the Government of
India and other concerned agencies in the State and elsewhere in the country.
R&D in the area of Medicinal Plants and commercial production of
applications and formulations will be developed in conjunction with Research
Institutions and reputed companies. A Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Export
Zone has been set up covering seven districts of Uttarakhand and Specialized
Herbal Parks are in the offing.
The salubrious climate,
pollution free environment and the availability of a wide range of flora and
fauna in the mountainous terrain, make Uttarakhand an ideal location for
developing centres for alternative medicine and health care facilities. A
significant portion of Uttarakhand is under forest cover (almost 70 percent).
There is, thus, excellent potential for the development of forest resources
based Industries in the State. In addition, there is ample scope to develop
industries based on forest and agro-wastes such as lantana, pine needles,
plant and vegetative fibres such as Rambans, etc.
Conclusion
Himalyan
people have a close relationship with nature. Generally, they believe that
diseases are caused by the supernatural powers and they treat them through
natural products like plants, herbs, trees, soil etc. Himalayan veterinary
medicine system is totally non-systematized. The person, prescribing these
medicines has no so-called scientific knowledge about the disease.�� So, discoveries coming from diverse
backgrounds laid down the broad canvas for drug research to follow. Most of
the basic concepts and approaches to modern drug discovery research were
established. These developments aroused worldwide interest and offered great
hope and prospects.
References
(1)
Ahuja, P. S.(2001) Current status of propagation of medicinal plants in India
Himalaya.In:Himalayan Medicinal Plants: Potential and Prosepects(Eds. S. S.
Samant, U. Dhar and L. M. S. Palani) Gyanodaya Prakhasan, Nainital(India).Pp:207-231.
(2) Gaur, R. D, Bhatt, K. C. and Tewari, J. K(1992). An
ethno-botanical study of Uttar Pradesh Himalaya in relation to veterinary
medicines. J. Indian Bot. Soc., 72:
139-144.
(3)
Issar, R. K.(1981). Traditionally important medicinal plants� and folklore of Uttaranchal Himalaya for
animal treatment. J. Sc. Res. Pl. Med.,
2: 61-66.
(4) Joshi, G. C., Tewari, K. C. & Pandey, G.(1992). A review
of indigineous system of medicine with special reference to herbal drugs. Aryvaidyan, 3(3):173-179.
(5) Mishra, P. L.(1985). The medicinal plants of Himalaya. Himalayan
J. Sci, 4&5:65-80.
�(6)
Mittal, S,Tripathy, G., Sethi D.,(July2008). Development strategy for the
Hill districts of Uttrakhand(working paper no. 217)ICRIER,India.
(7) Samal, P. K. , Shah Anubha, Tiwari, S., Mehara, B.,
Agarwal,� D. P.(2003).Indigenous animal
health care practices in India Central Himalaya: Emphirical evidence. Indian
J. Traditional Knowledge, 2(1):40-50.
(8) Samant, S. S, Dhar, U, Palini, L.
M. S(1998). Medicinal Plants of Indian Himalaya:
Diversity, distribution and potential value. Himavikas Publication No. 13.
Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital India.
(9) Sati, V. P.(2005).Natural Resource
Conditions and Economic Development in the Uttaranchal Himalaya, India,� Journal of Mountain
Science 2 (4),� 336~350.
�(10) Shah, N. C.(1982).
Herbal folk medicines in Northern India. J. Ethnopharmcol, 6:293-301.
�(11) Proceeding of the National Workshop on Joint Forest
Management, Ministry of Environment and Forest
(2005).
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State of Forest Report(2005), Forest survey
of India,
Ministry of Environment & Forest, Dehradun, pp.140-142.
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